吳澄理學「心性論」義理內蘊探微─兼論元代朱學與陸學的和會

Analyzing "The Theory of Mind-Nature" of Wu Cheng: the Harmonization of Chu Hsi and Lu Hsiang-shan

劉怡君(Yi-Chun Liu)

《人文集刊》 8期 (2009/06) Pp. 63-93

https://doi.org/10.29470/JH.200906.0003

摘要

理學於宋、元、明時期波瀾壯闊的發展，蔚為中國學術思想的巨流，然而學界的焦點大多集中於宋、明二代，元代理學的研究顯得格外的沈寂冷清。元代理學對宋代理學既有傳承性的承繼，也有開創性的發展，是宋代理學轉向明代理學的過渡環節，假使我們能夠後設地分析元代理學的思想，將可以進一步清楚地瞭解元代理學在歷史的縱深發展脈絡所呈現的圖景，有助於建構中國學術思想流變衍嬗的的完整面貌。朱熹和陸九淵思想學說是理學體系裏的兩大血脈，陸學高明簡易，但容易流於談空說妙；而朱學篤實還密，但容易流於支離泛濫，所以理學發展到元代出現了朱學人物包攝陸學精微之處，而陸學人物也匯綜朱學篤實之處的特殊學術圖象，形成「朱陸和會」的時代思潮。吳澄為元代著名的理學家，在元代學術史上與許衡並稱為元代二大儒宗，素有「南吳北許」的美譽，他的理學思想明確地呈顯出會通朱陸的學術傾向，同時也反映出從宋代程朱理學到明代王學過渡的歷史軌跡，是探討元代理學「朱陸和會」的時代思潮時無法忽略的研究對象。

關鍵字

元代 ； 理學 ； 吳澄 ； 心性論 ； 朱陸和會

並列摘要

During Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasty, Neo-Confucianism had become the main stream of that time. Neo-Confucianism of the Dynasties of Song and Ming has become the most important academic study that has attracted professors to focus their studies on related issues. However, Professors usually ignore the studies of Neo-Confucianism of the Yuan Dynasty that is a vital link between Neo-Confucianism of the Song Dynasty and Neo-Confucianism of the Ming Dynasty. If we evaluate Neo-Confucianism of the Yuan Dynasty, we can realize the historical development of Neo-Confucianism and establish a complete content of Chinese thoughts. Wu Cheng is a major Confucian scholar in the Yuan Dynasty. His Neo-Confucianism being characterized as ”the Harmonization of Chu Hsi and Lu Hsiang-shan” is worthy of our thorough research.

並列關鍵字

Yuan Dynasty ； Neo-Confucianism ； Wu Cheng ； The Theory of Mind-Nature ； the Harmonization of Chu Hsi and Lu Hsiang-shan