老子的生命安頓─人、社會與萬物的圓融和諧

Thought of Settlement of Life about Lao Tzo-The Human, the Society and the Natural Circle Rapport the Harmony

施又文(Yu-Wen Shih)

《人文集刊》 10期 (2013/08) Pp. 25-49

摘要

老子生活在春秋末葉，當時戰亂頻仍、社會動蕩、民不聊生，《道德經》所描述的「師之所處，荊棘生焉，大軍之後，必有凶年」就是當日的實錄。在這麼一個兵荒馬亂的時代，在這麼一個生命難以安立的時代，思想家對時代有深刻的體會，對生命更有真切的省思，紛紛提出不同的價值理想，建制不同的價值規範。老子的思想見諸《道德經》，該書主要包括道論及人生論兩大部分。道論是針對形而上道體的描摩論析，人生論則是道論的落實。老子認為宇宙萬物都來源於道，唯有整體性的全面觀照與尊重，泯除對立，回歸真樸，人的生命才能真正安定在人間世。筆者爬梳經典，闡釋義理，從自然與人、人群之間、人的本身，層層開展論述生命安頓之道：（一）順應自然的天人觀（二）謙柔不爭的處世觀（三）少私寡欲（四）虛靜嗇神。

關鍵字

老子 ； 道德經 ； 生命安頓 ； 整體觀照 ； 人生論

並列摘要

Lao Tzo lived in the last years of a century during the Chun-Chiu period, When chaos was caused by frequentwars, and life was poverty-stricken. In such an era of wars, in such an era of anxiety and turbulence, thinkers had a deeper understanding of the times, upon reflecting on the meaning of life. They formed different values and ideals.”Tao Te Ching” records Lao Tzo's thought, and this book mainly deals with theories of ”Tao” and life. ”Tao” is focused on metaphysical body, and theory of life is the implementation of the universe is derived from ”Tao”. Only through integrity and respect for the all-round view, can human life really achieved stability in the world. I find that thought of Settlement of Life about Lao Tzo includes the following points: first, harmony with nature; second, being humble and gentle; third, selflessness with few desires; and fourth, ”xujing” and repose.

並列關鍵字

Lao Tzo ； "Tao Te Ching" ； Settlement of Life ； Overall Contemplation ； Therory of Life