論謝林哲學中主體性概念的轉變

The Conceptual Transformation of the Subjectivity in the Philosophy of Schelling

黃冠閔(Kuan-Min Huang)

《華梵人文學報》 5期 (2005/07) Pp. 163-200

https://doi.org/10.29930/HJH.200507.0005

摘要

謝林哲學的開始與發展乃是緊密和緊著主體性形上學的脈絡，但是，在謝林多變的思想形貌中，可以發現主體性的概念與地位也經歷著一些轉折。分析出此中的轉折，不僅有助於理解謝林思想中特有的形上學經驗，並有助於釐清主體性形上學內那的反省機制，也可以拉近到當代的理解視域中。本文的討論順著兩條軸線：第一條軸線是主體與對象間的關係，謝林對於主體與對象之間的優先性，在思索中經過幾番轉折；晚年謝林基鈴神存在有先於思維的公然性，而承認對象的優先性。第二條軸線是主體與自我、實體的關係，對於主體的理解從自我的實體逐漸擴充到托體意義下的實體，因此，晚年謝林的主體已經不再以自我確定性爲依歸，而是以神性創造爲依歸。這兩條軸線分別既畫出了主體概念的內在限制，也開啟了對於「異己者」存在的思考可能。

關鍵字

主體 ； 對象 ； 實體 ； 托體 ； 自我意識 ； 歷史 ； 自由

並列摘要

The beginning and development of Schelling's philosophy is tightly combined to the context of the metaphysics of subjectivity; however, in the multiple aspects of Schelling's thought, one can also find the vicissitude of the concept and position of subjectivity. Analyzing this vicissitude could not only be helpful to understand the singular metaphysical experience in Schelling, but also be useful to clarify the reflexive mechanism inside the metaphysics of subjectivity, and furthermore could make Schelling's thought more vivid in the horizon of contemporary philosophical discourse. This paper has developed the main ideas following two guidelines: the first line is focused on the subject-object relation in which the priority of subject (or object) meets some turning points; in contrast to his earlier thought, the late Schelling, based on the necessity of divine existence over thinking, finally admitted the priority of object. The second line traces the relation between subject, Ego and substance, and aims to reveal that the meaning of subject is expanded from the substance as ego to the substance as hypokeimenon (substratum, in Aristotelian tradition); therefore, the late Schelling saw in the subject not the self-certainty, but the possibility of divine creation. With these two lines of reflection, considering the concept of subject might expose the inner limitation of the metaphysics of subjectivity, and open a possibility to encounter the existence of the Other.

並列關鍵字

subject ； substance ； substratum ； self-consciousness ； history ； freedom

參考文獻

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