唐君毅的宗教融合思想

唐君毅先生的宗教融合思想，立基於儒家傳統中寬容的宗教精神，輔以分判由夾雜到純淨之宗教意識的判教原則與佛教華嚴宗之思維方法。他針對儒、釋、耶三教之精神勝境與思想義理進行一番深入理解、判別與融合的工作。無疑的，這是一種介於不同宗教之間具有艱鉅挑戰性的觀念開發；而同時也是一項夾雜於不同宗教之間具有高度危險性的觀念冒險。本文嘗試逐步描繪出唐君毅宗教融合思想的完整風貌，並提出其可能面對的挑戰加以反省。在唐君毅的理解中，基督宗教崇拜超越者的高明，可配「天德」，足以盡「天道」崇高之極致；而佛教肯定眾生皆有內在佛性的平等，可配「地德」以盡地道之廣大。儒教以其立「人極」以見「太極」，呈現出「天人不二」之德，可在道德實踐中盡「人道」之尊嚴。總而言之，唐君毅先生的理想是嚮往一個儒、佛與基督宗教能各盡其分及和諧融合，以貫通「天」、「地」、「人」三才之道的宗教融合境界。

關鍵字

宗教融合；宗教意識；判教原則；基督宗教；佛教；儒教

並列摘要

Tang Chun I gives a direction to the ideal state of religious harmonization. In this ideal state, the spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism and Christianity play their proper roles and all be in harmony with each other. This also is an ideal state, which having a thorough understanding for the logos of heaven, earth, and human beings. Tang Chun I's thought of religious harmonization is built of the toleration of traditional Confucianism. He also makes use of his ”the Principles of Teaching Classification” to differentiate varieties of religious consciousness by distinguishing the pure thoughts from motley ones He also makes use of the method of Huayan Buddhism. It is certainly an dangerous exploration of the ideas between those deferent religions. The author of this article, step by step, tries to describe the whole outline of the Tang Chun I's thought of religious harmonization, and to reflect its possible challenges.