《紅樓夢》的病／罪書寫與療癒

Illness/Guilty Writing and Therapy of the Dream of Red Chamber

林素玟(Su-Wen Lin)

《華梵人文學報》 16期 (2011/07) Pp. 31-77

https://doi.org/10.29930/HJH.201107.0002

摘要

《紅樓夢》的研究，為中國古典文學研究中最饒富趣味的課題，各個層面的探討，均為紅學探微抉奧。本文從佛教治療學的角度，探討《紅樓夢》作者透過病／罪的書寫，一方面警戒世人，一方面自我療癒。文中呈現幾項重點：一、心病佛藥的治本作用：如黛玉的痴病、寶釵的熱毒、賈瑞的邪思妄動等心病，均由一僧一道應病予藥，對世人的貪、瞋、痴三毒作根本性治療。二、冤孽因果的還報作用：前世的情感冤孽，此生以眼淚、死亡、中邪等方式加以償還；前世種惡因、造惡業，今生即必須承受果報。前者如馮淵／甄英蓮／薛蟠、寶玉／黛玉、寶玉及鳳姐／趙姨娘；後者如鳳姐及尤二姐。三、懺情悔罪的淨化作用：作者一則愧對天恩祖德，一則懺悔生命中歷歷有人之女子，對一己的深情摯愛，故以書寫《紅樓夢》來自悔罪愆，投射到小說主人翁賈寶玉的心理，則是對家族罪惡的咎責，以及大觀園中所有因他而死亡或遭受苦難的姐妹們，深懷愧疚與追悔。四、以情悟道的昇華作用：作者以「情」來書寫創傷記憶，以「悟」來昇華苦痛，以「道」作為療傷止痛之藥方。儒家經濟之道是作者及賈寶玉所深惡憎厭的；神仙莊子之道又無法安頓身心靈；作者遂逐漸走上佛教空性思考的道路。綜合上述四者，《紅樓夢》作者援用佛教經論中的夢、幻、水月、鏡花等意象，來展現明空不二的覺性能量，以對治世人的病苦罪業。唯有佛法的「空性」證悟，對《紅樓夢》作者而言，才是終極的療癒之道。

關鍵字

紅樓夢 ； 佛教治療學 ； 書寫治療 ； 防衛機制

並列摘要

A research on Chinese classic The Dream of the Red Chamber has been the most attention-grabbing issue among studies of classical Chinese literature, with each aspect of the discussion to be the exploration and analysis of mystery in Redology (the study of The Dream of the Red Chamber). From the perspective of Buddhist therapy, this research delves into the words of warning to men and self-healing by Cao, Xueqin, the author of The Dream of the Red Chamber, through the illness/guilty writing. There are some key points presented in this paper:1. Effect of radical cure to mental disorders from Buddhist medicine: Lin, Daiyu's delusion of love, Xue, Baochai's heat toxin and Jia, Rui's evil thoughts and reckless action are treated by the religious mediation of a Buddhist monk and a Taoist priest, giving radical treatment to human's greed, anger and delusion.2. Repaid with cause and effect for enmity leading to sin: Affection-based enmity leading to sin in previous life will be repaid by tears, death and being momentarily nonplussed in present life; while planting an evil karmic seed and performing akusala-karma (demerit) in previous life must undertake karma (retribution) in present life. The former manifests the characters of Feng Yuan/Zhen Yinglian, Baoyu/Daiyu, Baoyu and Sister Feng/Aunt Zhao, and the latter, Sister Feng and You Erjie.3. Purification of confession and repentance: The author feels conscience-stricken over the imperial favor and the virtue of our ancestors, as well as shows his repentance towards those women showing their deep affection to him in his life that prompted him to compose The Dream of the Red Chamber to show his repentance. This repentance can be reflected in the mind of Jia, Baoyu, the principal character in the classic novel, Jia's blame himself for family sins and his remorse and repentance towards those girls succumbed to death or sufferings in Daguan Garden (Grand View Garden) due to his mental contradiction.4. Sublimation of full awareness of Dao through affection: The author takes ”affection” to write traumatic memory, uses ”awareness” to sublimate sufferings, and adopts ”Dao” (principle) as the prescription in healing wounds to curb the pain. The principle of Confucian economy is detested by both the author and Jia, Baoyu, as the principle of celestial beings and Zhuang Zi might not comfort bodies, minds and spirits. Only emptiness enlightenment of emptiness of Buddha dharma is the ultimate healing-Tao for the author of The Dream of the Red Chamber.

並列關鍵字

The Dream of Red Chamber ； Buddhist Therapy ； Writing Therapy ； Defense Mechanism

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