This essay attempts to inquire into the philosophical foundation of Xunzi's theory of punishment. Theoretically, the highest pursuit of punishment is justice, which has revolved around a long-standing debate between a theory of retribution versus a theory of utilitarian. For Xunzi, the theory of punishment on the one hand have the retributive implication, on the another hand, however, it should more prominently emphasize utilitarian perspctives, this stand which Xunzi hold is closed related to his own historical background and the intention of Xunzi's thought.