瀕臨死亡產生的徹念：錢緒山對生命意義的闡釋與實踐

錢緒山是明朝開創心學的宗師王陽明的弟子，他在王陽明的生前與死後，都是最忠實在闡發與傳播心學的大儒。他這一生為兩件事情而奔忙：「涵養心學」與「眷顧親人」，如何讓這兩件事情整合為同一件事情，這是他念茲在茲的課題。在尚未因政治案件含冤坐牢前，錢緒山對於本體尚有看不破，卻在坐牢的兩年間，在無日不瀕臨死亡的恐懼威脅裡，頓然洞見內在的良知，激發出面對生命的徹念，感受著跨越孤寂感的愛，而終於體證自性的存有，瞭解本體無善無惡卻止於至善的根本質性，這是他自「天泉證道」後的突破。經歷過瀕臨死亡的考驗，他除悟出本體感應觀作為思想的主軸外，其面對生命的態度發生很大的轉變，不論是對世人直接宣講心學，或將心學落實在對待親人的生命教育裡，都可看出他藉由愛的臨在，來闡釋與實踐其生命意義，但，深愛親人的錢緒山，卻不得不在晚年面對五位家人陸續在五年內接著死亡，他更堅信超生出死作為萬物綱紀的良知，其間的心路歷程很值得探索。本文特別著重在梳理其瀕臨死亡產生的徹念，如何影響他眷顧著包括家人在內的親人，特別希望藉由「死」與「愛」這兩個視域，來還原出錢緒山的生命意義。

關鍵字

錢緒山；生命意義；死亡；良知(本體) ；心學；徹念

並列摘要

Qian Xu-shan is a disciple of Master Wang Yang-ming, the founder of Nouslogy in the Ming Dynasty and a loyal Confucianist in the development and propaganda of Nouslogy before and after the death of Wang Yang-mingo. For all his life, Qian dedicated himself for only two things: ”practice Nouslogy” and ”taking care of family relatives”. How to integrate the above two things as one is a life-long topic for Qian. Prior to his imprisonment due to false political accusation, Qian is still unable to see through the Entity. However, during his two years in prison, he had come to a sudden understanding of the innate conscience under constant near-death threats which led to an inspired clear idea on life. By feeling the love that overcomes loneliness, the Self is proved to exist through bodily experiences; by realizing t at there is no good nor evil that exists within the Entity but only a naturally occurring halt at the point of utmost goodness is Qian's breakthrough after his ”The Enlightenment on TianQuan Bridge”.After surviving the test of near-death experience, in addition to using his understanding of the Entity's inner sense as the center of his thoughts, Qian's attitude towards life also had took a dramatic turn. Whether in speeches on Nouslogy or putting Nouslogy into practice in the life education of treating family relatives, one can see Qian's interpretation and realization on the life meaning through the presence of love. Nevertheless, Qian, who is profoundly fond of his family members had to face the death of five family members for five consecutive years in his later years, which further strengthened his belief in overlooking life and death as the conscience of the ”principle of all things, and an insightful journey worth probing into. This paper especially focused on organizing clarifications derived from near-death experience and its influence on Qian on how he takes care of his relatives including his family members with attempt to restore Qian's life meaning especially through the realm of ”death” .and ”love”.