從黃牛、解牛到牧牛－談儒釋道人生設計思考的創意思維

儒釋道三家面對人生各種轉折點與生活困境，表現不同的解析與欣賞態度，乃至論及生命的終極關懷，三家亦有獨樹一幟的入世、忘世或出世標竿，儒家重在希賢成聖，道家追求轉俗成真，禪宗則貴在解脫煩惱，見性成佛。然儒道佛三家在歷史推演更迭中，實產生或對立或主輔或融通的各種交涉樣貌。「科技始終來自於人性」，越科技反而越人文，隨著科技快速發達，人文關懷的重要性也再度受到重視。本文欲探究引領全球科技「不同凡想」的賈伯斯，如何汲取儒道佛洞察真實世界變化與生命本質關連性，展現在「同理、定義、發想、原型、測試」的實驗、發現與改變人生「設計思考」，以卦象爻辭、解牛寓言、十牛圖組，將過程步驟分鏡與簡捷優化，融貫黃牛、解牛到牧牛，進而援引轉譯在科技、簡報及培訓課程的創新思維與實踐。本文除前言與結語外，共分為四個面向予以探究，包括：一、人生逆境的設計思考，二、《易經》的黃牛，三、《莊子．養生主》的解牛，四、普明《十牛圖和頌》的牧牛。欲藉由本文的探討，除能窺見矽谷科技對儒道佛哲學的古智今用實例，亦能深化理解易道禪對提升生命質量的設計解方之共通關懷。

關鍵字

設計思考；賈伯斯；易經；解牛；十牛圖

並列摘要

In the face of various turning points and difficulties in life, Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism show different ways of analysis and appreciation. When it comes to the ultimate care of life, they have respectively unique standards of engagement with, oblivion of, or detachment from the world: Confucianism focuses on the hope of turning wise people into saints; Taoism seeks to transform the worldly into the truthful; Zen Buddhism aims at getting rid of troubles and worries and at becoming a Buddha by revealing nature. However, in the course of historical evolution and change, Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism interacted with each other, producing opposing, asymmetrical, integrated, or other various relationships. ＂Technology always comes from human nature.＂ While we appear to be more technological, we become more humanistic. With the rapid development of technology, the importance of humanistic care redraws our attention. This essay would like to interrogate how Steve Jobs, a leading figure always injecting creative ideas into global technology, absorbed Confucian, Taoist and Buddhist insights into the relationship between changes in the real world and the essence of life and how he demonstrated a type of design thinking that could experiment with, discover, and change life through the process of empathy, definition, brainstorming, prototypes, and testing. By making use of hexagram images, the fable of dissecting the bull, and the Ten Bull Herding Pictures, Steve Jobs split a process into storyboards and optimized it; by understanding, dissecting, and herding the bull, he applied the innovative thinking and practice of translation to technology, presentations, and training courses. Besides the preface and the conclusion, this essay investigates four aspects: first, design thinking in the face of adversity of life; second, the yellow bull in I Ching; third, dissecting the bull in Zhuangzi Nourishing the Lord of Life; fourth, Pu-ming's herding the bull in the Ten Bull Herding Pictures. With the investigation in this essay, we are not only able to see the modern application of ancient wisdom from Confucian, Taoist and Buddhist philosophies in Silicon Valley Technology; we also deepen the understanding of the common concern among Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism in their attempt to design solutions that could improve the quality of life.