天德聖教內的佛教元素初析－以王笛卿手札與《彌羅法會接引幽靈真經接引詞》為例

天德聖教，別名天德教、一炁教，是發源自清末民初的民間教門，主張「宗教大同」與「五教合一」。從天德聖教信徒的穿著與儀式來看，會以為天德聖教與道教、先天道較為相近。若從天德聖教創始人蕭昌明的生平來看，會發現其與佛教的淵源非常地深。然而，仔細觀察天德聖教內的經典或祀神，都具有著佛教元素，尤其在接引法程中最為顯著。就目前筆者所能蒐集有關接引法程之資料，最古老者為臺灣天德聖教開山祖師的〈接引法程〉，以及今日天德聖教接引法程使用之《彌羅法會接引幽靈真經接引詞》。基於此，本研究以天德聖教內的佛教元素作為主軸，先探討天德聖教與佛教之間的因緣，再進行探討該教法會儀程中的佛教元素，其中又以接引法程為多。故在探討天德聖教在臺灣的接引法程演變，兼論法程當中的經典或儀式中的佛教元素。

關鍵字

接引；普度；王笛卿；秦淑德；天德聖教

並列摘要

Tiandeism, also known as Tian-de-sheng-jiao (天德聖教), Tian-de-jiao (天德教) and Yi-qi-jiao (一炁教), is a folk sect that originated in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic era. Judging from the dress and rituals of Tiandeism's believers, we would think that Tiandeism is similar to Taoism and Xian-tian Taoism (先天道). Yet if we look at the life of Xiao Chang-ming (蕭昌明), the founder of Tiandeism, we will find that his life is strongly associated with Buddhism. However, through careful observation upon the scriptures or offerings to the gods in the Tiandeism, Tiandeism has Buddhist elements, especially in the process of receiving and citing the Dharma. The information gathered by the author about the reception and introduction methods manifests that the oldest ones are the Texts of Wang Di-qing (王笛卿) and Qin Shu-de (秦淑德). Based on the Buddhist elements in Tiandeism, this research first explores the karmic relationship between Tiandeism and Buddhism, and then explores the Buddhist elements in the rituals of the dharma assembly (especially in the process of receiving and citing the Dharma). Therefore, we will be discussing the evolution of the Dharma process of Tiandeism in Taiwan, as well as the Buddhist elements in the scriptures or rituals in the Dharma process.