佛教倫理對戰爭的反思

Reflections on War in Buddhist Ethics

嚴瑋泓(Yen, Wei-hung)

《玄奘佛學研究》 Issue 40 (2023/09) Pp. 81-102

Abstracts

在一般意義下，多數人或許會認為佛教在倡導慈悲與非暴力的前提下是反對戰爭的。這樣的觀點在佛教文本中有許多的敘事與理論的支持。然而，我們也可在若干佛教文本中發現佛教對於戰爭並非全然抱持反對的態度，其理由也是慈悲與非暴力。這並不弔詭，而是有更深層的理由。本文分析佛教如何看待「戰爭」的根源性問題，進一步反思非暴力與和平之佛教倫理視角。本文也嘗試以道德個別主義作為中介理論，反思佛教倫理學不主張單一、絕對的原則可適用在不同道德處境並強調實踐智慧的理論型態，最終以「佛教融合倫理學」作為一種理解佛教倫理學的模型。

Keywords

佛教倫理 ； 戰爭 ； 和平 ； 道德個別主義 ； 佛教融合倫理學

Parallel abstracts

In a general sense, most people might think that Buddhism is opposed to war on the premise of advocating compassion and non-violence. There are many narratives and theories supporting this view in Buddhist texts. However, we can also find in several Buddhist texts that Buddhism is not entirely opposed to war, precisely because of compassion and non-violence. This is not paradoxical, but there are further reasons. This article analyzes the root problem of "war" based on Buddhist point of view, and further reflects on the Buddhist ethical perspective of non-violence and peace. This article also tries to take moral particularism as an intermediary theory to elaborate Buddhist Ethics does not advocate that a single and absolute principle can be applied to different moral situations and emphasizes practical wisdom, and finally takes "Buddhist Fusion Ethics" to understand Buddhist ethics.

Parallel keywords

Buddhist Ethics ； War ； Peace ； Moral Particularism ； Buddhist Fusion Ethics

References

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