慈濟女性創建的海外據點－矽谷、印尼、莫三比克

Silicon Valley, Indonesia, Mozambique: Three Tzu Chi Overseas Chapters Founded by Women

李玉珍(Li, Yu-chen)

《玄奘佛學研究》 Issue 41 (2024/03) Pp. 39-74

Abstracts

佛教慈濟基金會的跨國發展動力，源於各地區高度動員能力，雖然有地域差異但是行動內容和模式非常類似。本文將採取女性觀點來分析慈濟的國際發展動力。本文選擇北美矽谷阿嬤、印尼慈濟分會劉素美、莫三比克蔡岱霖作為個案比較，研究女性在慈濟國際化過程中扮演的重要角色。時間斷限以她們在此三個地區創建慈濟據點的第一個十年為主，也代表慈濟發展的三個階段。她們也代表海外慈濟女會員的身分光譜：台灣移民美國的女眷，台商和印尼華裔實業家的合作，以及外嫁後的台灣女性。筆者以近九個月的時間內（2022年10月至2023年6月間），利用網路訪談以及她們回到靜思精舍敘職期間，進行口訪。並於多次走訪慈濟花蓮、台北、新店、洛杉磯據點過程中，廣泛與慈濟執行長、文史處、國際處職工，以及精舍法師、慈濟志工討論相關議題。以上三位女性在慈濟經歷的生命改變，將有助於我們理解女性在佛教跨國傳播中的代理能力（agency）以及賦權（empowerment）意義。本文以宗教學為本，探討上述師徒、宗教社群的人物典範轉移，並參考管理理論，討論慈濟海外據點的高度自主創制；特別是透過女性宗教經驗，分析她們如何以模仿證嚴上人的「弱女子」形象，將慈濟移植到新的土壤，擴展慈濟大愛之家的範疇。

Keywords

慈濟國際化 ； 女性與宗教傳播 ； 慈濟女性賦權 ； 華人移民宗教 ； 女性宗教經驗

Parallel abstracts

The driving force behind the transnational movement of the Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation stems from the highly mobilized capabilities in various regions. Despite regional differences, the actions and patterns are very similar. This article will analyze the international development of Tzu Chi from a female perspective. The case studies selected for comparison are Grandma Lin at Silicon Valley in North America, Liu Sumei from Yayasan Buddha Tzu Chi Indonesia, and Cai Dailin from Mozambique. The study focuses on the significant roles played by women in Tzu Chi's internationalization process. The timeframe is primarily centered around the first decade of establishing Tzu Chi branches in these three regions, representing three stages of Tzu Chi's development. These women also represent the spectrum of identities among overseas female Tzu Chi members: female dependents of Taiwanese immigrants in the United States, collaboration between Taiwanese businesspeople and Indonesian Chinese entrepreneurs, and Taiwanese women who married abroad. The research is conducted within the past nine months (from October 2022 to June 2023), utilizing online sources and meetings held at the Jing Si Abode upon their return. The life transformations experienced by the three women in Tzu Chi contribute to our understanding of the agency and empowerment of women in the transnational dissemination of Buddhism. Furthermore, this article will utilize the theory of self-created co-construction through media communication to analyze the diversification and cohesion of Tzu Chi international organizations in the mentioned regions. It will explore how they, by emulating Master Cheng Yen's image of the "weak woman," transplant Tzu Chi into new contexts, expanding the scope of Tzu Chi's Great Love initiatives.

Parallel keywords

Tzu Chi internationalization ； women and religious dissemination ； empowerment of Tzu Chi women ； Chinese diaspora and religious practices ； female religious experience

References

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何日生(2022).慈濟學概論.新北市:聯經出版.

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