- 期刊
臉孔記憶測驗之跨種族效應探究－以WMS-Ⅲ為例
Study of Cross-race Effect on Face Memory Test-An Example of WMS-Ⅲ
摘要
來自許多領域研究均發現「跨種族效應」(cross-race effect)使個體對不同種族成員臉孔的辨識率低於對相同種族，據此，我們進行了如下前驅性研究。 目的：藉華人臉孔記憶測驗檢視魏氏記憶測驗第三版臉孔記憶分測驗（簡稱WMS-Ⅲ臉孔記憶分測驗）是否因為跨種族效應低估國人臉孔辨識能力，並將研究結果供後續華人臉孔記憶測驗發展及常模建立之參考依據。 方法：參照WMS-Ⅲ臉孔記憶分測驗內容，依年齡及性別變項徵選72名來自台北地區受拍者進行臉部拍攝，並將攝得照片編輯成華人臉孔記憶測驗；隨後徵求248名18-20歲學生（包括127名男性，121名女性）接受WMS-Ⅲ及華人臉孔記憶測驗。 結果：經2（性別）×2（測驗版本）×2（測驗時序）三因子混合設計變異數分析比較各項平均分數後發現：全體受試者之華人臉孔立即與延宕再認得分分別顯著高於WMS-Ⅲ之臉孔立即與延宕再認得分；兩套測驗之延宕再認得分均顯著高於立即再認得分；女性受試者在WMS-Ⅲ臉孔立即再認、延宕再認及華人臉孔延宕再認得分皆顯著高於男性。 結論：根據統計結果並考量缺乏參照樣本之限制因素後，我們保守認為WMS-Ⅲ臉孔記憶分測驗對西方種族接觸、認知缺乏的華人群體而言，可能因為跨種族效應低估其臉孔辨認能力，因此在臨床應用上，華人臉孔記憶測驗應較WMS-Ⅲ臉孔記憶分測驗適切。
並列摘要
Many researches from various disciplines have verified that ”cross-race effect” causes people to recognize faces of their own race more accurately than those of other races. The following pilot study was conducted to investigate this effect in our local population. Objective: To examine whether the Face Memory Test of WMS-Ⅲ will underestimate Chinese's facial recognition performance due to the cross-race effect when compared to viewing Chinese face stimuli. In addition, the results from this study will be used for developing a Chinese Face Memory Test. Method: 72 Chinese volunteers from Taipei city were recruited based on age and education. Their faces were photographed and the obtained images were edited using similar stimuli criteria from the Face Memory Test of WMS-Ⅲ. These 72 facial photographs were used as the face stimuli for a pilot Chinese Face Memory Test. A total of 248 students aged 18-20 years (127 males and 121 females) were then enrolled to complete the Face Memory Test of WMS-Ⅲ and Chinese Face Memory Test. Results: The results from a 3-way ANOVA (Gender × Test edition × Test timing) found immediate and delayed recognition performance on the Chinese Face Memory Test to be significantly better than that of the Face Memory Test on WMS-Ⅲ. However, delayed recognition was significantly better than immediate recognition on both tests. Finally, females had significantly higher scores than males on immediate and delayed recognition on Face Memory Test of WMS-Ⅲ, as well as, the delayed recognition on Chinese Face Memory Test. Conclusion: Considering the lack of referential samples, we conservatively conclude that the Face Memory Test of WMS-Ⅲ, may have underestimated Chinese's facial recognition performance for those who are unfamiliar with western races due to the cross-race effect. Accordingly, the Chinese Face Memory test is thought to be potentially more appropriate for clinical practice.