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注意力缺失∕過動疾患不注意型與合併型之多面向注意力功能分析

Differentiating the Deficit of Attention Components in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Combined and Inattentive Subtypes

摘要


目的:本研究目的在探討注意力缺失/過動疾患-不注意型(ADHD Predominantly Inattentive Type,ADHD-I)與合併型(ADHD Combined Type,ADHD-C)於多向度注意力評估表現上之差異。了解該兩亞型兒童在注意力運作機制上的缺損,期能對該疾患的病理機制與認知復健訓練有進一步貢獻。 方法:經醫師確定診斷為ADHD-I和ADHD-C的兒童各32名,兩組之年齡、智力分數與家庭社經地位相當。以廣泛性非語文注意力測驗(Comprehensive Non-verbal Attention Test Battery, CNAT)為衡鑑工具,此工具具有多層次、多向度的指標。 結果:和常模相較,ADHD-C和ADHD-I在CNAT不同的分測驗上分別呈現出多項不同類型的錯誤。針對反應正確率達75%以上的分測驗討論反應時間,結果發現僅有ADHD-C在轉逆原則分測驗上的反應時間呈現缺損。而兩亞型相比,ADHD-C在集中、搜尋、抑制性注意力、與抗拒分心等分測驗的衝動錯誤,在集中注意力、搜尋注意力、與抗拒分心的漏失錯誤,在轉逆原則的違反錯誤,以及在各分項測驗之反應時間表現上均較ADHD-I差,而ADHD-I唯在搜尋注意力的遲緩錯誤數高於ADHD-C。 結論:結果顯示正常智力的ADHD-C組在注意力缺損面向較ADHD-I來得廣,涵蓋Cohen所提到的知覺選擇、注意力持續、注意力資源、以及反應選擇之四面向。而ADHD-I特別呈現在go/no-go典範分測驗的衝動錯誤,和相較於ADHD-C有較多遲緩錯誤的問題,顯示其偏失於注意力的持續和反應的選擇。這些發現有助於未來為各亞型患者建立個別化的認知復健計畫。

並列摘要


Objective: This study investigated the difference of attention problems between the subtypes of Attention-Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) from a neuropsychological perspective. Methods: Participants were grouped by diagnosis: 31ADHD-C (combined type) and 31ADHD-I (inattentive type). There were no significant differences in age, IQ scores, and social economic status between subtypes. Each participant received a neuropsychological examination and was administered the comprehensive non-verbal attention test battery (CNAT). Results: The ADHD-C and ADHD-I groups showed different error patterns in every subtest as compared to normative data. A further analysis of the subtests' reaction times with 75% accuracy rates found that only the ADHD-C group showed deficit in the principle reverse task. When compared to the ADHD-I group, the ADHD-C group showed more impulse errors, missing errors, commission errors and a significantly longer reaction time in many of the subtests. However, the ADHD-I group had significantly more delayed errors in the searching task than the ADHD-C group. Conclusion: The results indicated that with average IQ score, the ADHD-C group had more deficits than the ADHD-I group in several attention components, including sensory selection, sustained attention, attention resource, and response selection based on Cohen's attention model. While the ADHD-I group had deficits in sustain attention and response selection. These findings would be helpful in designing individualized cognitive rehabilitation programs for the two ADHD subtypes.

並列關鍵字

ADHD Subtypes Neuropsychology Attention

參考文獻


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郭乃文(2003)。以Cohen認知神經心理學概念探討注意力功能測量研究(博士論文)。台灣大學心理學研究所。

被引用紀錄


廖御圻、郭乃文、陳信昭、蔡幸芳、蘇倍儀(2015)。以神經生理回饋為主之神經心理治療對改善注意力監控之療效研究-以注意力缺陷/過動疾患兒童為例教育心理學報47(2),281-304。https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.20150302
羅玉珠(2011)。外在社會控制、內在價值信仰與兒童偏差行為相關性之研究〔碩士論文,國立臺北大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0023-0607201114012000
呂依庭(2016)。音樂療育課程對身心障礙生 注意力影響之研究:以高職綜合職能科為例〔碩士論文,國立臺北藝術大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0014-2707201600351200

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