創建交融的平台：王泊生及其「新歌劇」實驗

Towards a Platform for Integration: Wang Bosheng and His ＂New Opera＂ Experiment

李佩穎(Pei-Ying Li)

《戲劇學刊》 29期 (2019/01) Pp. 137-167

摘要

二十世紀30至40年代，王泊生以「山東省立劇院」院長、「國立歌劇學校」校長的身份為人所知。他兼學話劇與京劇，在30年代初即明確提出「整舊創新」的「新歌劇」道路，並將畢生精力投入「新歌劇」的實驗。在王泊生二十餘年的戲劇生涯中，其「新歌劇」作品拓展了彼時中國戲劇的樣貌，而其戲劇教育更培育了眾多戲劇及音樂人才，間接對後續中國戲曲改革和「民族歌劇」的發展，產生一定影響。透過史料的鉤沉，本文探索王泊生早期的戲劇養成及其「跨戲劇形式」的特質，並透過王泊生與顧一樵之間「兩個《荊軻》劇本」風波，以及《文天祥》、《岳飛》、《荊軻》等「新歌劇」作品的討論，呈現王泊生融合不同戲劇形式的實驗與努力。王泊生及其「新歌劇」理念與實踐，為當時的劇壇創建了一個交融的平台，使戲曲、話劇、歌劇、音樂等不同藝術型態，均有機會在此平台中呈現、撞擊、實驗。在二十世紀上半葉「中西新舊」文化衝擊的歷史情境中，其「爭議性」恰好反映了一個論述場域和實驗空間的開啟，有戲劇史上的積極意義。

關鍵字

王泊生 ； 新歌劇 ； 山東省立劇院 ； 國立歌劇學校 ； 荊軻

並列摘要

In the 1930s and 1940s in China, Wang Bosheng was well-known as the president of Shandong Provincial Theatre and National Opera School. He was proficient in both drama and Beijing Opera. In the early 30s, he explicitly proposed the ＂New Opera＂ idea which aimed to innovate tradition, and devoted himself to the ＂New Opera＂ experiment. During Wang Bosheng's 20-year theatre career, his works subsumed under ＂New Opera＂ expanded the horizons in Chinese drama at that time, and his ideas of drama education nurtured many talents of drama and music who affected the subsequent reforms of Chinese opera and gave rise to the ＂National Opera＂. By investigating into historical materials, this paper explores Wang Bosheng's theatre career from his early stage to the stage characterized with his style of ＂cross-theatrical form＂. Additionally, by discussing different textual versions of Jing Ke (荊軻) by Wang Bosheng and Gu Yiqiao, along with Wang Bosheng's ＂New Opera＂ works such as Wen Tianxiang (文天祥), Yue Fei (岳飛), and Jing Ke, this paper will illustrates Wang Bosheng's contribution to integrating different theatrical forms. With his idea and practices of ＂New Opera＂, Wang Bosheng created an integration platform for the theatrical circles at that time, on which different art forms like Chinese opera, drama, opera, music, etc. could have the opportunity to present, interact, and explore new possibility. Swayed by the collision between the East and the West, the Old and the New in the first half of the twentieth century, the ＂controversial nature＂ attributed to Wang Bosheng and his ＂New Opera＂ reflects the manifestations of the keenness to discussion and the space for experiment, which has positive significance in the history of Chinese drama.

並列關鍵字

Wang Bosheng ； New Opera ； Shandong Provincial Theatre ； National Opera School ； Jing Ke

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