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檔案到劇目的間隙與重構:英文廣播文獻劇《福爾摩莎荷蘭時期的故事》的十七世紀歷史再現

The Interstices and Reconstructing from Archive to Drama: The Historical Representation of Seventeenth-Century Taiwan in English Radio Docudrama Tales of Dutch Formosa

摘要


英文廣播文獻劇(docudrama,或譯紀錄劇)《福爾摩莎荷蘭時期的故事》(Tales of Dutch Formosa)於2002年8月到9月由國立中央廣播電臺(Radio Taiwan International)製播,是臺灣劇場展演十七世紀荷蘭治理時期歷史的先鋒劇作。它打破常見以漢人為中心的敘事角度,而首度以當時島嶼的要角之一荷蘭人的視野來訴說其治理福爾摩沙三十八年的島嶼歷史,使臺灣戲劇史呈現更多元的歷史記憶。同時,該劇定位為「文獻劇」,顯示忠於檔案史料的特色,以此凸顯其歷史敘事的真確性或是製作團隊強調的「歷史精確」。然而,從檔案到劇目充滿各種創作者可以介入的間隙,而歷史現場更是永遠無法重返,只能重構。本文審視該劇三個明顯介入檔案與重構場景的手法。一為突破檔案的男性大歷史敘事,幽微地嵌入動人的女性離散小敘事;另一則是面對情感想像的難題,以神秘化原住民與其風俗作為策略,凸顯、加強原檔案對原住民的他者描繪;最後則是更改次要人物的私歷史以植入基督教的信仰教化,突顯荷蘭殖民史作為傳教士尋找靈魂未果的悲劇。

並列摘要


Tales of Dutch Formosa, produced and broadcast by the Radio Taiwan International in August and September of 2002, is the first play in Taiwan set in the 17^(th) century Dutch colonial period. Breaking away from the dominant Han Chinese discourse, it unprecedentedly tells the story of the 38 years of Dutch rule from the perspective of the Dutch people, one of the major groups of inhabitants on the island during the period. In the form of "docudrama," the play attempts to faithfully follow the archival materials to highlight the story's historical authenticity or what the production team calls "historical accuracy." However, there are numerous ways that an author can intervene in transforming archival materials into a play, not to mention that historical scenes can never be revisited, only reconstructed. This article examines the three strategies that the author adopts to negotiate the archives and reconstruct the scenes. First, a subtle narrative thread of women's diasporic experiences is successfully woven into the male metahistorical discourse, breaking the limit of the archive. Second, to resolve the difficulty of imagining romantic love between the Dutch and the aboriginal, the author mystifies the aboriginal people and their custom, reinforcing the "otherness" of the aborigines as shown in the archive. Finally, facts about some minor characters' private stories are changed to carry the Christian faith and teachings, and the Dutch colonial history is presented as a tragedy in which the missionaries looked for souls but in vain.

參考文獻


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