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心物二元論的惡果

The Destiny of Mind-Body Dualism

摘要


二元論(dualism)的主張就是認為有兩種根本上完全不同而且無法統合的東西的存在。本文所要談的二元論是心靈哲學中的二元論,也就是心物二元論。這個理論主張身體(或物質)與心靈在某個層面是完全不同,而且彼此無法化約或取代的東西。在實體層面稱為實體二元論,在性質層面則為性質二元論,而在概念層面就叫做概念二元論。但無論是那一種二元論,只要我們主張心物之間有交互作用,或是主張心靈由大腦的運作所呈現,我們就難以站穩在二元論的立場,而有滑向一元論的趨勢。

關鍵字

二元論 一元論 笛卡兒 心物問題

並列摘要


The dualist claims that there are two fundamental things in the universe. In this paper, I focus on the dualist theory in the philosophy of mind, which is also called mind-body dualism. This theory suggests that the mind and the body are in fact different things in some respect. In the substantial respect, it is called substance dualism. In the property respect, it is property dualism. In the conceptual respect, it is conceptual dualism. In this paper, I argue that no matter what kind of dualism it is, if we hold that (1) the mind and the body have causal relationship or (2) the mind is generated from the body, we will not be able to stand well on the dualist ground and will slip into monism.

並列關鍵字

Dualism monism Descartes mind-body problem

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