臺灣與美國加州中學科技師資培育機構加強創意及思考的課程與教學之比較研究

A Comparative Study of Creative Thinking Curriculum and Teaching in Technology Teacher Education Institutes between Taiwan and California

魏炎順(Yen-Shun Wei) ； 林坤誼(Kuen-Yi Lin)

《弘光人文社會學報》 10期 (2009/05) Pp. 51-78

https://doi.org/10.29933/SHSS.200905.0003

摘要

隨著創造力課題的持續發熱，中學階段的教師要如何提升學生的創意及思考能力已愈來愈受到關切。本研究主要針對臺灣與美國加州中學階段科技教育師資培育機構加強創意及思考的課程與教學進行比較研究，主要目的著重在瞭解臺灣與美國加州中學科技師資培育機構加強創意及思考的課程與教學之特色，以及其對於臺灣中學科技師資培育機構的啟示。為了達到此一研究目的，研究者主要採用Bereday（1964）提倡的四階段比較研究法，而研究結論與建議主要包含：（1）美國加州的師資認證管道較為多元、但其認證要求更為嚴謹，故臺灣在科技師資的認證考試方面，應可強化有關學科專門知識的要求，抑或者將設計與製作能力的考試納入，以藉此一方面提升師資素質，另一方面亦可掌控取得科技師資認證的數量；（2）基礎設計課程應有助於強化創意與思考能力，故研究者建議科技師資培育機構應可採取以下兩項強化策略：（a）開設有關「設計」、「圖文設計」、「設計與科技歷史」等設計相關課程，以據此強化學生的設計能力；（b）在課程規劃中提供學生至外系選修設計相關課程的空間，並規定（或鼓勵）學生必須前往其他學系修習設計相關的課程，以藉此強化其創意及思考能力。透過上述兩項結論與建議，期望能夠使臺灣中學階段科技教育師資培育機構有更具體的改革方向，進而使我國科技教育師資更為優質化。

關鍵字

加州 ； 科技教育 ； 師資培育機構 ； 創意 ； 思考

並列摘要

With the growing concern on the issue of creativity, how do the technology teachers develop their students' creativity and thinking ability in the secondary level were attracted more and more attention. The purposes of this study were focused on exploring the characteristics of creativity and thinking curriculum and teaching, and their implications in technology teacher education institutes between Taiwan and California. In order to achieve the research purposes, the Bereday's comparative method was employed in this study and the following conclusions and suggestions were made: (1) There were divergent routes in obtaining teacher credential in California and its requirements of credential were more complicated than Taiwan; so the requirements of credential should be increased in the difficulty of pedagogical content knowledge and the practical ability in design and making for the purposes of increasing the technology teachers' quality, and controlling the numbers of teacher credential in Taiwan. (2) The basic design courses should be helpful to enhance creativity and thinking ability, so the following two suggestions were provided: (a) to deliver the design-related courses, such as ”design,” ”graphic design,” and ”history of design and technology” in order to level the students' design ability up; (b) to provide a free space in curriculum planning for students in taking design-related courses in other department in, and asked (or suggested) them to do it in order to increase their design ability. According to the previous suggestions, the researchers believed that the technology teacher education institutes should have more clear way in reform for the purpose of educating more and more outstanding technology teachers.

並列關鍵字

California ； technology education ； teacher education institute ； creativity ； thinking