新興民主國家的危機與轉機：行政官僚與政務官員的博奕互動

The Crisis and Regeneration of Newly Democratized Countries: The Interaction between Political Administrators and Bureaucrats

陳菁雯(Ching-Wen Chen)

《中華人文社會學報》 4期 (2006/03) Pp. 152-169

摘要

面對1980年代末期的第三波民主化浪潮，曾讓Samuel P. Huntington指出民主政治面臨著種種危機，尤其是如何鞏固民主乃新興民主國家共同面臨的難題。對新興民主國家而言，致力於在政策制定上反映民意外，更須著眼於控制官僚體系。民主化的過程，不僅是使政策制定機構受到人民的控制之過程，也是政策制定機構與政策實行機構進行博奕互動，使後者受到前者控制之過程。本論文一共分六個章節：首先，針對主題新興民主的危機與轉機，提出本論文的問題意識；第二部分是界定本論文相關名詞；第三部分討論新興民主國家的民主困境；第四部分探討：新興民主國家的兩難：官僚政治與民主政治的矛盾；第五部分注重分析為何官僚政治是為鞏固新興民主的關鍵：最後結論嘗試提出新興民主的未來出路的多元民主文化可能性。

關鍵字

新興民主國家 ； 行政官僚 ； 政務官員

並列摘要

In the end of the 1980s, Samuel P. Huntington pointed out the crises of democracy in the third wave of democratization, especially common issues encountered by the newly democratized countries regarding the consolidation of democratization. In a sense, the newly democratized countries must dedicate to placing policymaking institutes under the control of people with a view to reining their bureaucracy. The process of democratization is not only a process of people controlling policymaking institutes but also an interaction between policymaking institutes and bureaucracy in order to place the latter under the former's control. This article contains six sections: with the first one dealing with issues of crises and hope, the second one providing the definitions of various terms, the third one discussing the paradox of democracy in the newly democratized countries, the fourth one exploring dilemma facing the newly democratized countries, the fifth one explaining the reasons why bureaucratic politics is the key to consolidate democratization, and the sixth one presenting the possibility of the newly democratized countries in achieving a plural democracy.

並列關鍵字

Newly Democratized Country ； Political Administrator ； Bureaucrat