社會國原則在教育行政的落實－從補助營養午餐費用和消弭城鄉教育差距談起

當臺灣社會的貧富差距日益擴大，代表著社會的自我運作已經失序，要求國家介入社會的需求也就更加強烈，而社會國原則在19世紀也是為因應放任主義而生。依據學者間的討論，社會國原則的內涵主要有兩類型，分別是社會安全與社會正義，亦即，國家必須照顧人民合乎人性尊嚴的最低生活需求與調和因種種因素所形成的不平等。教育是促進階級流動的基礎，做為繼受外國法制的我國，社會國原則是否在教育行政上落實，即成為解決問題的關鍵。就此而言，本文乃分別從補助營養午餐費用和消弭城鄉教育差距，探討社會國原則在教育行政上的落實情形。在個別學童繳不起營養午餐費用方面，中央基於社會安全的要求，應做為輔助地方的角色；在整體面向上的城鄉教育差距，雖然教育優先區可以解決偏遠地區的教育上劣勢，但是卻產生對弱勢文化不小的衝擊。也就是說，為消弭城鄉教育差距的教育優先區計畫，反而造成了文化上的不正義。

關鍵字

社會國原則；營養午餐；城鄉教育差距；教育優先區

並列摘要

When everyone takes the poverty gap to heart in Taiwan, it means self-management of society is in disorder. Accordingly, the demands that request the nation to interfere in society become stronger. For that matter, the principle of a social state is the reaction against laissez-faire in 19th century. According to the discussion among academicians, the contents of the principle of a social state include social security and social justice. That is to say, the nation has to assure people of a human dignity life and accommodate the social inequality. There is no doubt that the education is the foundation which accelerates class variation. As being the acceptancy of foreign legal system, whether the principle of a social state is carried out in educational administration is the key to solve the problem. Consequently, from subsidizing the school lunch fee to terminating urban-rural divide in education, this article try to treat the actualization of the principle of a social state in educational administration. In the aspect that individual students who can’t afford to pay the school lunch fee, the central government should assist local government because of the social security. In the area of urban-rural divide in education, thought education priority area may adjust the inferiority of education, yet it could go against disadvantaged culture. Namely, education priority area terminates urban-rural divide in education. On the contrary, causes the culture inequality.