以年齡橫斷檢證覺知視覺環境紋理過程中之身體擺動

Cross-sectional examining body sways in the processes of perceiving various visual environmental textures

楊梓楣(Chih-Mei Yang) ； 黃嘉君(Chia-Chun Huang) ； 黃嘉笙(Chia-Sheng Huang) ； 劉紋岑(Wen-Tsen Liu)

《臺灣運動心理學報》 16卷1期 (2016/05) Pp. 1-16

https://doi.org/10.6497/BSEPT2016.1601.01

摘要

站立時的身體擺動（body sways）不僅只用來保持平衡，而且有助個體覺知外在環境訊息，不過在此一覺知過程之中身體擺動是否因此而改變，則有待進一步檢證，先前研究多以健康成人為實驗參與者，相較8健康成人的站立相對穩定，受擾動的效應低，老人則相對易受擾動，甚至有跌倒情況發生。目的：本研究旨在探討成人與老人在覺知視覺環境紋理時身體擺動的改變情形。方法：計有成人12位與老人12位參與本實驗，立於平地、直放木條、與橫放木條三種情境下，實驗工作為安靜開眼面對五種實驗環境場佈：正常環境結構情境、無紋理白幕、無紋理黑幕、細棋盤格紋理布幕、與粗棋盤格紋理布幕各40秒鐘，共計五項操作。依變項主要以磁力相對位置計量儀連續計量實驗參與者在六項操作時的身體位置。結果：混合設計二因子變異數分析後發現，當情境難度或要求升高後，個體則需有賴不同的身體擺動來覺知不同環境條件之訊息，以達其平衡之功能需求。結論：相對於健康成人，老人族群因應環境變化的可容許度較小，較易因而產生不同的身體擺動，而且在因應變化時的身體擺動調整會呈現老人加大擺動而成人減少擺動的不同取向。

關鍵字

視知覺 ； 身體擺動 ； 知覺與行動 ； 環境賦使 ； 視覺光流

並列摘要

Body sway in stand can benefit not only staying in balance, but also perceiving the extrinsic information. However, more evidence is needed to examine if the amount of the body sways will change as perceiving happening. Most of previous studies were conducted by using normal young adults. Comparing to relatively stable and undisturbed young adults, the older adults are easy to be disturbed and even fall down. Purpose: This study was to investigate the change of body sways in the processes of perceiving various visual environmental textures in young and older adults. Methods: Twelve young and older adults were recruited and served as the participants. They were required to stand still for 40 seconds in 5 conditions: Open eyes facing 1) normal room structure; 2) all-white curtain; 3) all-black curtain; 4) fine checkered pattern curtain; and 6) gross checkered pattern curtain. For augmenting the experimental effect and creating different difficulties, 5 conditions were conducted by standing on anterior-posterior set and mediolateral set 8 cm wide and 40 cm long wooden bar in addition. The body sway data were measured by a magnetic tracking system. Six two-way mixed design ANOVAs and effect sizes were employed separately for statistic analysis. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference across age groups and visual environmental textures when standing on ground. But, on the contrary, the data showed the strong evidence that there were significant environmental texture effects and age differences when the task requirements getting more difficult (standing on anterior-posterior set and mediolateral set bar). Conclusion: It can be concluded that visual environmental textures can age-differently affect human’s body movement status especially in crucial condition.

並列關鍵字

visual perception ； body sway ； perception and action ； affordance ； optic flow

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