時－空間工作限制與費茲定律

人體動作表現同時受到時間與空間維度之限制，研究上經常會以限定時間的方式來討論動作的空間維度，或是反過來以限定空間的方式來測量動作的時間維度。運動控制範疇之費茲工作典範要求擊中不同寬度的空間目標以記錄動作時間。要求產生不同動作時間的標準是否能產生相對應的動作距離表現。目的：本研究檢驗固定不同標準時間範圍限制下，動作表現如何受到時－空限制的改變與其表現是否能夠符合「類」費茲定律的預期結果。方法：招募12名慣用右手健康成年人，進行特定空間與時間工作典範各4種難度情境，每種情境50次試做。所整理的時間與空間動作表現，除以重覆量數變異數分析進行統計考驗之外，另以線性函數與二參數指數函數對動作表現適配。結果：時間工作的失敗率顯著高於空間工作的失敗率；動作時間、動作距離與其兩者變異性表現在兩工作皆有相同趨勢。結論：動作時間與動作距離可以透過轉換的方式來符合費茲定律與時－空架構概念的預測。動作時間與空間的變異性皆會隨著動作時間標準增加而非線性的減少。

關鍵字

速度與準確度消長；間斷動作；動作時間

並列摘要

Human movement takes place in both space and time, and measures of movement accuracy in space are always made with respect to time, and vice-versa. The Fitts' aiming protocol can be interpreted as filling space with time and the reciprocal paradigm as filling time with space. Purpose: Here we examined the effects of target movement time on the emergent movement amplitude and kinematics. Method: Twelve right-handed healthy adults performed 50 aiming trials for each 4 index of difficulties in spatially and temporally constrained tasks. The spatial and temporal performances were analyzed by using the ANOVA. A linear and a 2-parameter exponential function were also used to fit the movement variability. Results: The success rate of the spatially constrained task was significantly higher than the temporally constrained task, and both movement time and movement amplitude increased with the associated kinematics manipulations. Conclusion: The results reveal a robust relation on the movement speed-accuracy phenomenon within a test of the generality of Fitts' law under the space-time framework. The reciprocal nature of the space-time framework provides further evidence for a general space-time account of movement speed and accuracy.

並列關鍵字

speed and accuracy trade-offs ； discrete movement ； movement time

參考文獻

謝宗諭、卓佩佩、劉有德 (2019)。再探費茲定律：工作限制與視覺操弄對動作表現的影響。臺灣運動心理學報，19(2)，75–94。https://doi.org/ 10.6497/BSEPT.201911_19(2).0005

謝宗諭、劉有德 (2016)。動作速度與準確度發展與現況。臺灣運動心理學報，16(2)，21–39。https://doi.org/10.6497/BSEPT2016.1602.02

Bongers, R. M., Fernandez, L., & Bootsma, R. J. (2009). Linear and logarithmic speed–accuracy trade-offs in reciprocal aiming result from task-specific parameterization of an invariant underlying dynamics. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 35(5), 1443–1457. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015783

Carlton, L. G. (1981). Processing visual feedback information for movement control. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 7(5), 1019–1030. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.7.5.1019

Danion, F., Bongers, R. M., & Bootsma, R. J. (2014). The trade-off between spatial and temporal variabilities in reciprocal upper-limb aiming movements of different durations. PLoS One, 9, e97447. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097447

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時－空間工作限制與費茲定律

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