- 期刊
左手收縮對注意力與運動表現之影響
The utility of left-hand contraction in modulating attention and sport performance
摘要
有關運動表現的提升，不僅是著重生理表現，目前研究更重視心理技能運作效率，目的在於減少內、外因素的干擾以締創表現高峰。特別是表現行前動作（pre-performance routine, PPR），其已被研究證實可有效幫助選手減輕比賽壓力以避免表現失常。近年來有不少研究關注在表現前進行左手收縮對選手運動表現的潛在效果，然而其內在影響機制仍不明確。有鑒於此，本綜評性文章將針對該研究主題之文獻進行評析與討論。本文首先介紹在競技運動領域的表現行前動作潛在應用，並於第二部分探討左手收縮的實際應用與背後注意力與神經運作機制，最後再綜整當前有關左手收縮研究所使用的訓練處方，以提供國內教練、競技選手做實務應用之參考。經文獻回顧發現，儘管研究證實左手收縮可有效降低參與者在壓力情境的表現失常，然而對於實驗情境（是否考慮實際場域狀況提升生態效度）、實驗設計（前、後測介入）及擠壓球的參數設計（球的材質、擠壓時間）等可能影響研究結果之因素仍需更多研究做進一步釐清。有鑒於此，本文建議未來須使用更嚴謹的實驗設計與搭配不同的訓練模式，以釐清左手收縮對於運動表現及神經調控機制的因果關係。
並列摘要
In sport psychology, there is a well-known mental skill called pre-performance routine (PPR), which has been demonstrated to have the capacity to alleviate a player's stress level during a game. Of the PPR skills, although left-hand contraction has been demonstrated to induce relaxation of cortical function that modulates attentional processes when performing sporting skills, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Accordingly, this narrative review was to discuss the published literature addressing this issue. We firstly introduced the potential utility of PPR in the field of sports sciences. Second, we focused on the potential applications and the neural mechanisms underlying attention in left-hand contractions. Finally, we reviewed the evidence regarding the utility of different protocols of left-hand contractions from recent research to provide an empirical basis for practical application for domestic coaches and competitive players. The results indicate that although left-hand contractions may effectively alleviate chocking under pressure, some methodological issues including experimental conditions (e.g., considering real-world situations to improve ecological validity), experimental design (e.g., using interventions with pre-and post-tests) and squeezing protocols (e.g., ball materials and squeezing duration) need more research to clarify. As a result, further investigations into these interactive effect on the performance of motor skills are warranted. We suggest that future research should adopt more rigorous experimental designs and systematically manipulate the protocols of left-hand contractions in order to explore the causal relationship between sports performance and neural mechanisms underlying left-hand contraction approaches.