- 期刊
鈍劍選手之技能水準對攻擊分位預期能力之比較
The expertise effect in anticipating the foil fencing attack positions
摘要
目的：本研究以時間遮蔽典範之概念出發，探討不同技能水準鈍劍選手，在預測對手進攻不同分位的表現。方法：招募優秀與一般選手各14位，呈現對手兩種攻擊分位於攻擊完成前不同時間點之畫面，要求其觀察並預測對手的攻擊分位。兩組選手的預測正確率和反應時間，均以三因子混合設計變異數分析進行統計考驗。結果：優秀組預測正確率較高、反應時間較短。兩組均在預測四分位與八分位、於不同觸擊前時間點的正確率呈相反趨勢，特別是優秀組在預測八分位之正確率隨觸擊前時間越短而提高；一般組正確率雖也有此趨勢，但在觸擊前120毫秒下降，可能與畫面中選手劍條與劍道重疊干擾導致，突顯優秀組能除了知覺劍條的位置，亦能偵測畫面中對手關鍵之運動學前線索。兩組在預測四分位之正確率，優秀組仍能比一般組更快做出預判。結論：高技能水準選手更能有效地在短時間內，知覺對手進攻不同部位時之持劍姿勢以及武器移動之重要訊息，進而增進預判表現，可供一般選手參考。
並列摘要
Purpose: : This study used temporal occlusion paradigm to investigate the action anticipation of expert and non-expert foil fencers while observing various attack movements of an opponent player. Method: Attack movements of different time points were visually presented to 14 experts and 14 non-expert fencers. Participants were instructed to observe and predict the position of the attack as soon as possible. Reaction times and accuracy data were analyzed using three-way (2 groups x 4 time occlusion points x 2 attack positions) mixed-design ANOVAs. Results: Expert fencers outperformed non-expert fencers in all stimulus conditions by showing higher accuracy and shorter reaction times. Interestingly, the two groups showed opposite patterns in their accuracy as the occlusion time decreased for the Quarte and Octave positions. Specifically, expert fencers showed higher accuracy for an attack on the Octave position in later temporal occlusion conditions. However, non-expert fencers were less accurate for the 120ms condition, which may be due to the disruption by the opponent's foil overlapped fencing piste. Nevertheless, expert fencers had shorter reaction time when both groups anticipated the Quarte position. Conclusion: These results indicated that experts not only detected accurate positions of the foil, but also perceived the precues of movement kinematics of the opponent. These empirical findings demonstrate the importance of anticipation cues, which can be beneficial for the design of training interventions to enhance athletes' perceptual skills.