中國大陸科技激勵的法律與政策問題

The Issues over (on) Law and Related Policies of TechnologyStimulation in China

劉劍文(Jian-Wen Liou)

《興國學報》 3期 (2004/07) Pp. 7-12

https://doi.org/10.29950/JHKUM.200407.0002

摘要

二十一世紀是科技騰飛的世紀，科技對於國家發展和民族振興的意義已經是不言而喻。科技發展具有高投入和高風險的特點，基礎科學的發展更難於用市場和競爭予以推動，必須依靠國家的投入和激勵政策。可以毫不誇張的說，未來國家實力的競爭是科技的競爭，而科技競爭的關鍵在於各國對科技發展激勵政策與法律的競爭。自二十世紀九十年代以來，世界各國政府為了推動科技、經濟一體化，提高綜合國力和國際競爭力，在調整和改革本國的科技政策的同時，紛紛強調國家科技激勵的作用，把科技激勵作為推動本國科技發展的一支強心劑。本文係以透過對中國科技激勵之現狀和缺陷探討為基礎，期能在借鑒世界各國科技激勵成功經驗的基礎上，結合中國的現實國情，研究和實踐中國的科技激勵手段和政策，在條件成熟時，則通過立法程式上升為相應的法律規定，逐漸完善中國科技激勵的政策體系和法律體系， 推動科技領域的法治建設，為科技發展提供法治平臺，對完善中國科技激勵政策和法律體系提出完整思路。

關鍵字

科技激勵 ； 租稅優惠 ； 海歸性 ； 本土性

並列摘要

In this technology-leading 21st century, technology is without a doubt the significant element in terms of national development and prosperity. Fundamental science is hard to introduced to public by market and competition mechanism along with the characteristics of high input involvement and risk-oriented in technology developing, therefore fully support and related stimulation policies from nations are being heavily relied on.It is unlikely to be overblown that nations' competition capabilities focus mainly on technology in the future, and the quintessential portions of this contest are to rule out related stimulation policies and enforce technology regulation for each nation. Since 90's governments worldwide all emphasize on national stimulation policies over the technology issue while adjusting and reforming the policies in order to enhance global competition competence and to combine technology and economic all together, which strongly consider those policies to be a stimulant.This topic of this article is based on the current status and drawbacks of China in technology stimulation policy and expected to learn experience from countries successfully working on this mechanism so that China can study and generate policies in accordance with China's need. As soon as it comes to the right timing, the law would be promulgated by legislation process and step by step to improve the technology stimulation policies mechanism by means of politics and law. With constantly structure of technology law, it provides technology development in China with a legal foundation to fulfill China's policies in technology stimulation and technology law system.