文藝復興時期女性人文教育初探

本文旨在探究文藝復興時期新的社會脈絡和條件下，包括政治的多元發展；經濟結構的改變和資本的累積；社會結構的改變和中產階級的興起；學術思想的流通。這樣多元而複雜的社會狀態，產生了思想和智識上的多元，而女性自然不能自外於此風潮，無論是與社會的接觸或是視野的拓展均大增，因此，既有了新的需求和定位，獲取教育的機會也提高，亦增加其社會地位和表現。當時，人文主義者倡導「以人為本」的思想，要求重視每個個人的尊嚴和價值，最重要的實踐方式就是從教育著手。因此，女性也得以接受人文主義教育。大體而言，人文主義者並不企圖改變女性在社會上的位置，亦即家庭、社會生活、教養子女、仁慈和宗教義務的實踐，依然是婦女們首要的教育任務。課程方面，男女教育在學科上並無太大的差別，均著重文學的訓練，其次是偏向道德的訓練和生活義務的實踐，算術、幾何和天文等純學術科目則不必過於專注。根據當時的書信和文獻，女性熱烈地追求知識和視野，並與人文學者相交，她們在文學、道德、與藝術層面上均有所表現。在社會角色和地位的取得也有初步的發展，如國家統治者、人文學家和作家等。雖然當時的女性不是社會權力和活動的中心，卻是不可或缺的支持者和協助者。最重要的是，人們對於女性接受教育和擔任不同的社會角色已不再被全然的拒絕和漠視。

關鍵字

文藝復興；人文主義；女性人文教育

並列摘要

Humanism was the important educational philosophy in Age of Renaissance. This paper is aimed to explore the meaning and content of female education of the humanists in the social situation. For Humanists, the educational ideal of a ＂person＂ aimed with a sound mind in a sound body, the intellectual in harmony with the spiritual. Now we know the educational program was also applied to women in Renaissance Age, especially the children of the aristocrats and the nobles. They needed to learn with civic obligations, the disciplines to be studied are philosophy, history, poetry, grammar and rhetorical guide and enrich their lives. The attitudes and methods of female education were secular, concrete, self-expression and self-control. Maybe first obligation of women was family role, but they must be intellectual. Some females had earnest to pursuit knowledge and view, and had great performance on letters, morals, and arts. Their social roles and status had initial progress, as national rules, the humanists, writers etc. Durant evaluated the women of the Renaissance, and he commented that they didn't release themselves by the liberation movement, but on their wisdom, virtue and wit. The women affected the every dimensions of the society. The Renaissance movement was the efforts of both of the men and women.

並列關鍵字

Renaissance ； Humanism ； Humanists' female education

國際替代計量

文藝復興時期女性人文教育初探

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