新產品開發之組織間控制機制設計與開發績效關係之實證研究

Inter-organizational Control Mechanism and New Product Development Performance

邱世寬(Shin-Kuan Chiu) ； 陳玥謹(Jue-Chin Chen)

《創新與管理》 5卷1期 (2008/03) Pp. 1-31

https://doi.org/10.30118/JIM.200803.0001

摘要

本研究結合交易成本和鑲嵌學派理論，嘗試從產品開發廠商和主要三類利益關係人的關係的角度出發，探討組織間(inter-organization)控制機制配適性對新產品開發績效的影響。實証結果顯示，除了新產品開發專案所具備的協調需求性對控制機制之使用有顯著影響外，外部關係、協力廠商關係，及關鍵零組件／原物料供應廠商所建構之多重社會性鑲嵌對控制機制的使用也具有顯著影響力。其次，在控制機制與創新績效的關係方面，結果顯示，經濟性機制，包括「正式化」機制和「事先契約」機制，對廠商的營運績效缺乏顯著影響力，但對協力廠商間「價格誘因」的使用，則有助於營運績效的提升；在社會性機制部份，「限制性接觸」對新產品開發績效無顯著影響；對主要客戶使用「集體懲罰」機制，對營運績效有正面效果，表示口碑這件事情對客戶選擇合作廠商的重要性，然而在協力廠商身上採用此一機制，卻對客製化彈性或新產品開時程的掌握有不利的影響；在社會績效方面，包括資訊利益和會員資格的取得部份，產品開發廠商與主要客戶間「事先契約」機制的使用，對廠商的社會性績效具有顯著影響力，代表與主要客戶間的契約協議不僅有助於廠商獲取重要的產業資訊，同時也有助於未來合作機會資格的取得。

關鍵字

交易成本 ； 鑲嵌學派 ； 新產品開發 ； 控制機制

並列摘要

From relationship perspective among stakeholders and focal firm, this study integrated TCE and embeddedness school to explore the impact of fitness of inter-organizational control mechanisms for NPD performance. Empirical results reveal significant influence of coordination requirement of NPD project and social multi-relationship embeddedness for control mechanism design. Secondly, regarding the relationship between mechanism and innovation performance, results showed that economic mechanisms including formalization and pre-contracting mechanism without significant impact on operational performance, but price-incentive for contracting firm could improve it. As social mechanism, limited contacting didn't impact outcome and collective sanction for major customer benefited operational performance. It meant that praise was a critical principle for focal firm to select target customer. However, to use collective sanction mechanism for contracting firm could harm the flexibility of customization or put off the project schedule. For social performance of NPD project, pre-contracting mechanism with major customer had significant impact on information benefit and membership. It meant that contract agreement with critical customer was helpful for focal firm to get necessary industry information, in the meantime, to get the membership of cooperation in near future.

並列關鍵字

TCE ； Embeddedness School ； New Product Development NPD ； Control Mechanism