運動意外傷亡與相關法律歸責之研究

台灣地區由於工商業發達，高科技不斷進步，造成許多人對於體適能狀況有所疏忽，在體能運動上也不斷的在減少中，在學學生不論是國小、國中、高中、大學其體能都在逐年退步，根據國內學者對學生體適能狀況之調查，都明顯的呈現狀況不佳的警訊，因此在體育課或比賽活動中，學生運動意外傷亡的事件也不斷的在增加，而運動意外傷亡事件常涉及有關法律歸責問題，其中涉及有關：（一）在憲法上的權利責任問題（二）在民法上的民事責任問題（三）在刑法上的刑事責任問題（四）在國家賠償法上的民刑事責任問題（五）在行政法上的行政責任問題。由於涉及許多責任問題，對體育從業人員而言，都會造成身心及財產上的困擾，有鑑於國內各級學校體育課或活動常會有運動意外傷亡事件的發生。且經常困擾體育從業人員，因此研究者認為有必要特別針對運動意外傷亡的法律歸責問題加以探討，讓體育從業人員在教學或執行公務時，能有多一分的注意及防範，並能進而減少運動意外傷亡事件的發生。

關鍵字

體育課；法律歸責；民刑責任

並列摘要

Due to the recent rapid social-economical development in Taiwan, the people have a tendency to concentrate their efforts on the advancement of their career rather than on their physical fitness. The life style of the people in Taiwan has been more on the sedentary side than on the active participation side of the life spectrum. Studies have shown that the physical fitness among all levels of students has dropped significantly in recent years. There were also numerous reports that each years several sudden deaths had occurred during physical education classes or sports competition. These types of incidents normally involve many legal issues, such as: 1) constitutional rights; 2) civil-responsibility within civil-law; 3) criminal-responsibility within criminal-law; 4) civil and criminal responsibility issues related to national compensation law; and 5) administrative responsibility within administrative law. Since there are so many legal issues involved, it is believed that the physical education professionals should pay more attention to the related legal issues to protect their own rights if accidents do occurred. It was the believes of the authors that more in depth analysis in legal issues related to sports participation should be brought up for discussion so that physical education professionals can be more prepared in this area; therefore, reduce the incidents of injuries or even deaths during sports participation.