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國際跆拳道聯盟與世界跆拳道聯盟談判結構之探討
Research of International Taekwon-do Federation and World Taekwondo Federation Negotiation Structure
摘要
「跆拳道」一詞創始於1955年4月11日，1966年3月22日成立國際跆拳道聯盟，此為世界上第一個國際性的跆拳道組織，1970年代跆拳道因故產生分裂，1973年5月28日另外成立世界跆拳道聯盟，此時ITF將總部移往加拿大，繼續推展其理念，WTF則於1988、1992 年成為奧運示範賽，2000年以後成為正式比賽種類。2002年起雙方有了整合的想法，故開始進行談判。本研究採用「結構研究途徑」探討ITF與WTF談判結構，並以內容分析法為主，觀察法與訪談法為輔，評析兩大聯盟進行談判之會議內容、相關文件與資料。研究結論如下： 一、國際跆拳道聯盟與世界跆拳道聯盟談判結構，包括五個構面，現況如下： （一）價值結構：目前雙方正處於擱置爭議階段，以共創雙贏。 （二）環境結構：談判地點皆為第三地，且成立合併發展委員會為雙方溝通平台。 （三）成員結構：雙方各派代表共同成立「合併發展委員會」。 （四）議題結構：談判議題皆以技術與競賽方式為主，並希望2016年繼續成為奧運比賽種類。 （五）權力結構：成立「合併發展委員會」之後，雙方權力對等，共同為「跆拳道整合」而努力，故較偏向整合型談判。 二、跆拳道過去因政治因素分裂成為ITF與WTF兩大組織，時勢變遷後，雙方基於跆拳道未來發展之願景，願意走上談判桌對於相關議題進行討論。 三、目前ITF共有124個會員國，WTF共有189個會員國，其中包含若干國家兩大聯盟體系同時並存；若兩大聯盟整合，對全球跆拳道的發展，將可能產生後續深遠的影響。
並列摘要
The name of Taekwon-do was given by on April 11, 2009. The ITF was established on March 22, 1966, and it is the first Taekwon-do organization ever existed. Due to political reasons, ITF Headquarters was relocated to Canada in 1972. Taekwon-do then went through a turmoil period during 1970s. It was on May 28, 1973, another Taekwondo organization, WTF was formed in Soul, South Korea. In 1988 and 1992, Taekwondo was accepted as an Olympic demonstration sport, subsequently, it became an official Olympic Sport in 2000 and onward. It was then during 2002 both ITF & WTF began to reconcile their difference and work to become ”one” Taekwondo. My research paper is to analyze ITF & WTF structure and content of many rounds of Talks. It is based on my observations and interviews with important people to draw conclusions. 1. There are 5 phases of Talks between ITF & WTF: (1) Value Structure：ITF & WTF seek to create synergy. (2) Environmental Structure: The Talks always hold in a mutual location. In addition, establish a coordinated committee as the bridge. (3) Member Structure: Each assign its representatives to form a coordinated committee. (4) Topic Structure: It is hopeful that the merge can allow both ITF & WTF to participate Olympic Games 2016. (5) Power Structure: All the power from both side is equal; the idea is to create a One Taekwondo. 2. ITF & WTF, both are now eager to merge. 3. Currently, ITF is represented in 124 countries, on the other hand, WTF represents in 188 countries. In certain countries, both federations exist. If both can merge, it will benefit all practitioners.