以四生觀點探討農舍戶外空間之使用現況

An Investigation into the Current Condition of Estate Home Properties Using the Viewpoint of 4R's

謝宏仁(Hung-Ren Hsieh) ； 陳姵樺(Pei-Hua Chen) ； 簡槙德(Chen-Te Chien) ； 黃琬婷(Wan-Ting Huang)

《中華建築技術學刊》 11卷1期 (2020/08) Pp. 1-15

摘要

研究針對農舍戶外空間，以「生態」、「生產」、「生活」、「生命」之四生環境面向發展為觀點，建立十二項調查指標，探討蘭陽平原農舍戶外空間現況，並透過56個農舍案例（傳統農舍、舊式農舍、新式農舍）之環境現況調查釐清農舍戶外空間構成與使用現況，據以提出未來農舍戶外空間營造建議方向。研究成果顯示，在生態環境面向上，農舍戶外硬舖面空間佔整體戶外空間面積之56%；非多孔隙之硬鋪面及非多孔隙之擋土牆則分別高達90%及81%，顯示農地環境灰化嚴重、生態性不佳。生產環境面向上，約3～4成農舍之戶外空間有垃圾及化肥汙染問題；戶外空間種植之植物造成農地遮蔭影響範圍約為2.2M。生活環境面向上，戶外空間之非農用部分高達92%；農舍基地填土面積約達1500M^2。生命環境面向上，農舍淹水紀錄平均為0.68M。最後，本研究建議於農舍戶外空間之空間構成及規模議題上，若以滿足一般使用需求為條件時，則農舍戶外空間項目應包含綠化、停車及鋪面等三項，最小空間量約為777M^2；若以最精簡需求考量時，則應包括綠化及鋪面等兩項空間，最小空間量則約217M^2。農舍戶外空間應減少填土量，鋪面材料宜使用透水面磚、碎石、石塊等多孔隙材料。擋土牆在安全範圍內多使用土壤、土砌卵石或其他多孔隙材料。圍籬則採植物圍籬，避免影響農村文化景觀。

關鍵字

宜蘭 ； 農舍 ； 戶外空間 ； 農村文化景觀

並列摘要

Focusing on estate home properties, this study uses the perspectives of rural ecology, rural production, rural lifestyle, and rural safety, known as the 4R's, to develop 12 indices to investigate the current condition of estate home properties on Lanyang Plain. This study completed a case study of 56 estate home properties (including traditional, old-fashioned modern and modern estate home cases) as references for future constructions. With regard to rural ecology, 56% of the total area of estate home properties is hard paved. 90% of paved areas and 81% of retaining walls are non-porous. This shows the low quality of rural ecology. Regarding rural production, the survey has found that 30%-40% of surveyed properties have been polluted by trash and chemical fertilizers. Shade from vegetation on the surveyed properties hinders crop growth on the adjoining farmland by a width of 2.2M. In regard to rural lifestyle, the survey has found that non-farming area accounts for 92% of total area of surveyed properties and the average earth fill area for building construction is about 1500 M^2. Regarding rural safety, the survey reveals average flooding height of 0.68 M. This study recommends the following space constitution for future constructions of estate home properties regarding the 4R's. General users need areas for greenery, parking, and pavement, which require about 777 M^2. Meanwhile, the areas that are considered essential needs for users are green and pavement spaces, which require about 217 M^2. Decreasing the area of the earth fill for building construction is important. Applying porous materials like permeable bricks, gravel, and stones to the pavements, using soil , pebble, and other porous materials for retaining walls within the safe scope, and planting brush as fences to prevent the complete ruin of rural cultural landscape are all recommended.

並列關鍵字

Yilan ； Estate home ； Property ； Rural cultural landscape