Both the industrial complex and the industrial port qualify as venerable concepts, and each continues to find relevance as leading constituents of development projects. The example presented here-Mailiao in Taiwan-combines elements of both, featuring the petrochemical industry as its bedrock. Mailiao is at heart a development project of national significance and, as such, has evolved under government oversight. It is directed, however, by private interests who must blend profit-seeking motives with those more in tune with regional development. How the project has unfolded, its challenges, pitfalls and achievements, is what concerns us in this paper.