從空間分布看網路地圖投票在社區營造政策推動的侷限性

網路投票在公民意識覺醒下，時常作為政策參考的依據，而在社區營造的過程中，地圖能呈現在地居民對於政策支持意向的空間分布情形。本研究結合網路投票與地圖，除了單一面向的統計圖表，也提供居民決策的參考：從空間分布看出社會現象的人文地圖，以此作為各個利益團體間的參考資訊及溝通工具時，有甚麼樣的侷限性，為本研究的主要問題意識。本研究以社區營造為例，使用文獻實證論述方式，系統性分析記名地圖作為網路投票的方式，並透過視覺化的圖像訊息，標示住戶在社區營造案例中表達贊成或反對的意見，以此做為社區營造的政策依據及參考，有何侷限及衝擊。我們可以發現，雖然利益團體是隨著時間與議題，短暫動態結盟的抽象概念，但是透過網路投票，以地圖的方式呈現住戶的政策支持意向，確實能有效釐清其空間分布的集中性。其次，本案例的網路投票結果，無法有效掌握母體與代表性，社區政策與個人利益直接相關的少數居民意見，在多數居民未參與投票的情況下被彰顯而出，少數服從多數的多數決民主倫理規範，在公共政策推動上，存在著信度與效度的侷限性與盲點。再者，網路投票是一種群體意見的表達方式，公職里長選舉亦僅是無法取得共識的情況下，利益團體間短時間內的競合結果，從案例中能有效的看出，社區公共營造建設與破壞的形塑歷程。

關鍵字

網路投票；社區公共參與；人文地圖

並列摘要

Decision makers often use internet voting to provide policy reference along with the awakening of a civic consciousness. Maps also allowed to display the information of spatial distribution on indigenous community of public participation. The research and development of maps used in internet voing is not only plots the statistical data of the society, but also depicts the societal status. Which maps provide an understanding of this society through visualization, it is also called human cartography. This research objective is to verify the advantages and limitations for this map to communicate between different interest groups by system review and making commentary. This case study establishes public participation mechanisms for residents to participate in community building by an internet registered voting map. And through the network collaborated system has landmarks that record the votes that agree or disagree with issues by each household. Firstly, although we found that interest groups can form dynamic and temporary alliances in accordance with time and issues without being constrained by distances. It still can be clarifies through the map from the internet voting results. This result allows for community residents to clearly see the distribution of interest groups in the community. Secondly, internet voting sometimes only represent relative minorities who are directly interested in certain issues, and without the control of statistical sampling provides a basis of unfair in the discussing community participation decision-making. This not only helps people to discuss results of observing community issues, but also allows community residents to see the blind spots in community decisions. Finally, internet voting is only a simple way to represent the interest groups. And public election of the head of the community is also the other way to create the consensus of community policy's results in short time period. It can be found effectively to see though the case study construction and destruction in the long-term process of community development.