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郭象《莊子注》之適性說與工夫論探析

Nature-Based Spiritual Freedom and the practical theory of Guo Xiang's annotations on "Chuang Tzu"

摘要


郭象認為自然之道不離物,在生化人與萬物時,便已內在於萬更之中,而成其「性」,故人性是源於自然無為之道,乃是自然真摯、無善無惡。而在這個自然本性的大前提下,個人所稟賦之才質、能力乃超越一般道德價值判斷外,無好、壞之分,於是,人只要能保更其真誠純粹之本性,便能自然而然地順道而行,與自然之道相契合。但生命的外在誘惑著實繁多且不曾間斷,更不時地牽引、撞擊著原本寧靜自然之本性,當人一旦無法抵擋欲念的牽引與撞擊時,便會興起知識分別心,產生羨欲執著之情,貴此賤彼,迷失天然本性,而禍患遂生,生命的悲困亦隨之來到。所以,郭象宣稱人應透過「統小大」、「齊生死」、「遣是非」、「外權利」、「不自專」、「通彼我」、「與物同」……等生命實踐工夫來無去知識分別心的絆累,無去心知欲望的諸多紛擾,生時安生,死時安死,不刻意,不戀棧,順應自然,無所復為,讓生命復歸於寧靜自足之境。

關鍵字

郭象 莊子注 適性逍遙 工夫論

並列摘要


Guo Xiang argued that Tao is everything and everywhere, and human nature flows from Tao. People can appreciate Tao when they own their peaceful human nature. However the world is full of allurements which make people lose their human nature and bring desires, tragedies and misfortunes. Guo Xiang claimed that people should try to discard allurements by having the practical theory of life. Then people can reclaim their peaceful human nature again and feel free to face everything. Additionally, life will not be shackled and the world will become better and better.

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