五代行營初探

行營是唐代中期後，對出征軍隊之專稱。但在戰爭頻繁的五代，行營的成立，不再如唐代一般，僅限於戰時出征之狀況；對於長期屯戍於邊境，隨時處於機動進攻之軍隊，亦稱之為行營。隨著五代中央集權的逐漸強化，禁軍成為行營組成的主要軍力。五代行營統帥有行營都統、行營招討使與行營都部署等職。這些統帥在後唐之前，大多由藩鎮節度使擔任；後唐之後，漸由禁軍將領為之。行營都統一職於五代已漸漸退出舞台，主要統帥為行營招討使與行營都部署，而愈至後期，行營招討使愈由行營都部署所取代。但不論行營招討使或行營都部署，其對皇權都是一個潛在的威脅，是故五代皇帝必須經由慎選行營統帥及運用副招討使、副都部署或都監等主將來牽制主帥之權。不過即使如此，五代行營仍經常發生叛變，且其叛變常是影響五代政權更迭的主要因素之一。

關鍵字

五代；行營；招討使；都部署

並列摘要

Xingying is the name for outgoing troops after mid-Tang. However, during the Five Dynasties with frequent warfare, the establishment of Xingying was no longer like in the Tang dynasty only for outgoing troops. Armies that were permanently stationed on the border and were always mobilized for attack were also referred to as Xingying. With the gradual strengthening of centralization for the Five Dynasties, the imperial army has become the primary force of Xingying. The generals of Five Dynasties Xingying included positions such as Xingying dutong, Xingying zhaotaoshi, and Xingying dubushu. Such generals, before Late Tang, were usually also the fanjen jiedushi; after the Late Tang, it was usually the generals of the imperial armies who also acted as generals of Xingying. The position of Xingying dutong gradually exited the stage in the Five Dynasties, with primary generals being Xingying zhaotaoshi and Xingying dubushu. As time passed, the Xingying zhaotaoshi were increasingly replaced by Xingying dubushu. However, regardless of whether it was the Xingying zhaotaoshi or Xingying dubushu, they were potential threats to the imperial power. Therefore, emperors of the Five Dynasties must carefully choose generals of the Xingying and use deputy zhaotaoshi, deputy dubushu, or dujian to check the power of the head general. However, in spite of this, Five Dynasties Xingying still frequently rebelled, and their rebellions were usually the primary reasons affecting regime changes in Five Dynasties.

並列關鍵字

Five Dynasties ； Xingying ； zhaotaoshi ； dubushu

國際替代計量

五代行營初探

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