傅山以佛教、墨家為核心對「理」及其衍生弊端之批判與修正

傅山對理學其實有一種很深的造詣，深知理學的底蘊。可是傅山對於理學所突顯的「理」一直採取反對的態度，這是理學與傅山的思想有一種矛盾的地方。傅山的思想對「理」的嫌惡，這應是由於宋明理學將「理」提升到極高的地位，並將「理」賦予其倫理意義，並突顯其本體的地位，這樣必然變成一種義理的權威僵固，於是衍生出一些弊端，需要加以修正，但傅山並不在理學言理的範疇中解除其問題，於是傅山要想盡辦法由其他學問解執。由於傅山受佛教影響，認識到生滅原則，體現出無住的境界突顯緣起性空的思想，對於具價值取向的本體採取虛無的看法，又受老子影響，主張有無相生，並不認為萬物「有」之前有一個不滅之「理」。然就傅山觀點分析細看，則一切萬物與其「理」都在「有」「無」動靜轉化中運動，傅山也以墨子思想反對理學的名實思想，傅山反對儒家「命」之一義，認為這是壓抑他人慾望的思想武器，他突顯墨家的平等性，傅山大膽的打破禮教，亦是由湯顯祖到戴震的一條特別的思想道路。

關鍵字

傅山；反理學；佛教；莊子；遺民

並列摘要

Fushan was highly achieved in idealist philosophy and familiar with the foundation of idealist philosophy. Yet, he had been against the feudal ethics that were emphasized, which was contradictory with thoughts of Fushan. The disgust of Fushan on feudal ethicsresulted from enhancement of feudal ethics in Song and Ming Dynasties to a lofty position and ethical meaning was given to feudal ethics to emphasize the status of the essence. This definitely turned out to rigidity of authority of philosophy of principles, which caused abuses to be corrected. Fushan did not solve problems in the scope of feudal ethics but from other schools of thoughts instead. Affected by Buddhism, Fusah realized the principle of birth and death and experienced unprecedented realm, which manifested the thoughts of encounter. He looked hollowly of the essence in value orientation. Also influenced by Lao Zi, he believed in regeneration and did not believe un-terminated feudal ethics before existence. For Fushan, all things and their feudal ethics move around in existence and emptiness. Fushal was also against thoughts on fame and actuality with Maohist School. He was against the meaning of fate of Confucian School and believed it was the thought weapon to repress others' desire. He emphasized the equality of Maohist School and broke courteousness and manners boldly, leading a special way of thought from Tang Xiazhu to Dai Zhen.

並列關鍵字

Fusan ； adherent of a former dynasty ； Buddhism ； Zhuen Zhi ； rebel against feudal ethics

國際替代計量

傅山以佛教、墨家為核心對「理」及其衍生弊端之批判與修正

全文下載

主題瀏覽