歐洲地區台灣原住民文物典藏狀況調查

A Report on the Collections of Taiwan Indigenous Artifacts in Major European Ethnology Museums

傅君(Chun Fu)

《南島研究學報》 6卷2期 (2017/06) Pp. 191-244

https://doi.org/10.29884/JAS.201706_6(2).0004

摘要

這份資料呈現2010年歐洲六國八座民族學相關博物館所台灣原住民文物的典藏情況。2010年，筆者執行教育部核定的出國考察計畫，利用短暫的時間，走訪歐洲地區及英國典藏台灣原住民文物的館所，瞭解各館所典藏及展示的一般狀況。透過此記錄，我們瞭解各館所台灣原住民文物藏品的收藏歷史背景以及管理保存現況。在各館見到的台灣原住民物質文化標本中，19世紀末或20世紀初葉的收藏以北部泰雅族為主，這些收藏與當時日本殖民政府在台灣「番地」的治理相關，而1970年代的收藏則隨著歐洲人類學家的足跡，擴展到排灣族的區域。在各館藏品中未見到高山地區各族如布農、鄒族的藏品也是值得注意的現象。在典藏管理方面，一方面，筆者所參觀的館所皆是各國國家級、主要的民族學博物館；另一方面，這些館所也是世界相關類屬博物館在博物館營運管理方面的前驅，本文也就各館所的典藏管理與文物運用方面，作簡要的報導。文末表列各館所提供的台灣原住民文物清單於文後供日後參考。

關鍵字

台灣原住民文物 ； 歐洲博物館 ； 博物館典藏 ； 台灣原住民文物典藏與殖民主義 ； 教育部出國考察計畫

並列摘要

This report gives a brief overview of the collections of artifacts of Taiwan indigenous groups held in eight ethnology-related museums in six countries of Europe as they stood in 2010. The author carried out an investigative program under the auspices of the Ministry of Education to use a short time period to visit museums in Europe and Great Britain with holdings of artifacts from Taiwan's indigenous groups in order to understand the general state of each museum's storage facilities and exhibitions. Through this trip, we were able to come to an understanding of the historical background of the collections and the management and conservation of each museum's holdings of Taiwan indigenous artifacts. The museums visited include the Musée du Quai Branly (Paris); Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Cambridge University; the British Museum; Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde (Leiden); Museum für Völkerkunde zu Berlin; Museum für Völkerkunde zu Leipzig; Völkerkundermuseum, Universitat Zurich; and the Museum für Völkerkunde, Vienna. It was found that these museums house objects of material culture from the Paiwan, Atayal, Yami, and Ami ethnic groups. Most of the objects are from late 19th to early 20th century northern Atayal groups: this is related to the management policies of the colonial Japanese government. Collections from the 1970s expanded to the Paiwan area following the footsteps of European anthropologists. It is also worth noting that objects from high mountain groups such as the Tou and the Bunon were not seen in the collections. As for collections management, the museums visited in each country are major ethnology museums at the national level and are at the forefront of world museum practice. A brief overview of the collections management and utilization practices is also included in this report. Lists of the collections of Taiwan indigenous cultural materials from each museum are appended at the end of the article.

並列關鍵字

Taiwan indigenous material culture ； European museums ； museum collections ； Taiwan indigenous culture collections and colonialism ； Ministry of Education foreign investigation project