The Community Utilization of Ceramics in Sarcophagus Burials from Mt. Kamhantik site, Mulanay, Quezon Province, southeastern Luzon, Philippines

菲律賓呂宋島東南部Quezon省Mulanay卡姆漢提克山遺址（Mt. Kamhantik site）岩棺墓葬中陶器的社群利用

Nida T. Cuevas ； Eusebio Z. Dizon

《南島研究學報》 7卷1期 (2021/12) Pp. 61-103

https://doi.org/10.29884/JAS.202112_7(1).0002

摘要

The recent archaeological excavations in Mt. Kamhantik site in southeastern Luzon exposed burials in carved limestone receptacle or sarcophagus that implies another form of mortuary tradition dated to cal. A.D. 890 to 1030 (cal. BP 1060 to 920) or 1070 ± 40 BP (Dizon 2011). The site revealed evidence as late 9^(th) to early 11^(th) century sarcophagus-using community that used ceramics as funerary goods. Elaborate potteries and other grave objects offered in sarcophagus burials is a widespread practice in Southeast Asian communities (Tillotson 1989), notably discovered in Sumatra, Java and Bali in Indonesia (Soejono R. 1969; Bellwood 1985) and in Taitung, Taiwan. This type of mortuary tradition resembles similarities with the sarcophagus from Mt. Kamhantik. It is then inferred that the isolated development of sarcophagus burial tradition in Mt. Kamhantik site may have been brought in by a group with indigenous tradition of stone burial to the Philippines. This mortuary behavior may have been introduced in the island as a result of social interactions and adaptations to economic and ecological factors (Tillotson 1989). This paper examines similarities of burial features and material culture from the Kamhantik site, primarily looking at the decorative style of the ceramics and other grave objects. This will attempt to identify potential relationships of the Kamhantik sarcophagus burials with other Southeast Asian stone-based burial sites.

關鍵字

Sarcophagus ； ceramics ； mortuary tradition ； Mt. Kamhantik ； Changsha ware and Philippines

並列摘要

近年在呂宋島東南部Mt. Kamhantik遺址的考古發掘揭露了刻鑿的石灰岩質屍體容器，或稱之為岩棺的墓葬，這暗示了另一種形式的喪葬傳統可以追溯到西元890至1030（cal. BP 1060至920）或1070 + 40 BP（Dizon 2011）。該遺址揭示了9世紀末至11世紀初使用岩棺的社群將陶器作為隨葬品的證據。在岩棺墓葬中存在精美的陶器和其他隨葬品是東南亞社群的普遍做法（Tillotson 1989），特別是在印尼的蘇門答臘、爪哇和巴厘島（Soejono R. 1969；Bellwood 1985）和臺灣的臺東地區的發現。這種喪葬傅統與Mt. Kamhantik的岩棺相似。由此推斷，Mt. Kamhantik遺址岩棺埋葬傳統的孤立發展可能是由一群以石質容器埋葬為固有傳統的群體帶進菲律賓的。這種喪葬行為可能是由於社會互動以及對經濟和生態條件的適應而引進島上（Tillotson 1989）。本文考察了Kamhantik遺址的墓葬現象和物質文化的相似之處，主要著眼於陶器和其他隨葬品的裝飾風格。這將嘗試確定Kamhantik岩棺墓葬與其他東南亞石造墓葬遺址的潛在關係。

並列關鍵字

岩棺 ； 陶器 ； 喪葬傳統 ； 卡姆漢提克山 ； 長沙窯陶瓷 ； 菲律賓