日治時期殖民教育下的臺灣學校體育政策一個歷史社會學分析（1895-1945）

本文以歷史社會學的取徑，探究日本在臺灣殖民時期學校體育之發展歷程。本文以1919年《臺灣教育令》公布及1937年皇民化運動推行作為分界點，將臺灣日治時期分為三個時期，分別為｢綏撫時期｣、｢文治時期｣與｢皇民化時期｣，探討不同時期之教育政策與學校體育政策。以後殖民主義理論的｢規訓社會與軍國主義｣概念進行資料收集，並加以討論。結果顯示，日治時期受到殖民者利益考量，臺灣學校體育政策有不同的特色。綏撫時期(1895-1919)殖民政策方向輪廓尚不明顯，且日籍學生與臺籍學生之間位置的不對等，課程存有差異之外，內容也以強化工作效能之思維為主；文治時期(1919-1937)受到世界各殖民地要求獨立及朝鮮反抗日本統治的影響，內地延長主義將日本生活習慣中的主流運動(例如劍道、柔道)帶入臺灣，並賦予主流文化的價值觀；受到太平洋戰爭的影響，皇民化時期(1937-1945)教育臺人具有日本國民之愛國心與犧牲精神，國民學校體操科改為體鍊科，分別包含體操及武道，其目的為充實兵源，培育出可隨時為日本犧牲之臺灣人民。

關鍵字

殖民主義；學校體育；日本；歷史社會學

並列摘要

This paper employs the approach of historical sociology to observe the developments of Taiwanese School Physical Education during the Japanese colonialism. Frist, it examines how imperialism opened the national gate of Japan in the 19th century. Second, Taiwan suffered multiple suppressions on the fields of their politics and society under Japanese colonization after 1895 to 1945. In this paper, there are three crucial timeframes. The ＂Law of Taiwan education＂ published in 1919 and the Japanization in 1937 as the cut-off points, Taiwan was divided into three periods, namely ＂Suppression period＂, ＂Assimilation period＂ and ＂Japanization period ＂. It explored the policy of education, school physical education under the Japanese colonialism. According to the colonial theory concept of ＂disciplinary society and militarism＂, it conducted data collection and discussion. The results showed, due to the colonists interest considerations, Taiwan school physical policy had different characteristics during the Japanese colonization. The suppression period (1895-1919), colonial policy direction was not clear. Also, unequal position between Japanese and Taiwanese students. The physical education curriculum were different. The main purpose was strengthen the effectiveness of the work. The Assimilation period (1919-1937), because of the influence of the independence movement of colonial around the world and Korea against the rule of Japanese, Japan extended the mainstream sports habits (such as kendo, judo) into Taiwan. Give the mainstream values of culture. Affected by the Pacific War, in the Japanization period (1937- 1945), the government educated Taiwan people with Japanese nationals patriotic and sacrifice. The national school physical education included gymnastics and martial arts. Its purpose was to enrich the sources of soldiers and built the Taiwan people which would sacrifice for Japan.