保齡球競技實境心跳率之分析比較

Analysis of Competition Characteristic and Heart Rate in Official Bowling Game

李曉萍(Shiau-Ping Li) ； 蘇俊賢(Chun-Hsien Su) ； 辛麗華(Li-Hua Hsin) ； 張發勇(Fa-Yung Chang) ； 柯莉蓁(Li-Chen Ko)

《文化體育學刊》 30輯 (2020/04) Pp. 1-13

https://doi.org/10.6634/JPSS-CCU.202004_(30).0001

摘要

目的：分析保齡球運動競賽的高分局與全倒運動表現之運動週期心跳率變化與趨勢。方法：以優秀曲球及飛碟球男女選手各1共計4名，賽前一週測量最大攝氧量測驗並以線性回歸計算個人運動強度推估公式，比賽時攝影機與心率儀同步進行比賽全程監測，所得心跳率數據以無母數統計的魏可遜配對組符號等級考驗競賽特性、高低分局、運動表現及運動週期之差異。結果：整場比賽運動強度為4.0METs；單局≧220分高分局及≦180分低分局時運動強度分別為4.7及3.8METs、心跳率顯著高於低分局（p＜.o5）；全倒表現的運動週期中曲球選手心跳率較低及飛碟球心跳率較高與≦7支球瓶達顯著差異（p＜.o5）；四個運動週期的全倒運動表現心跳率改變趨勢發現B選手投擲高於上準備（98.2＞97.6下／分），C選手完成動作高於三個運動週期（完130.9＞下122.4、上127.4 and投130.2下／分），D選手上準備高於下準備（99.0＞94.5下／分）及投擲高於上準備（105.2＞99.0下／分）達顯著差異（p＜.o5）。結論：較高心跳率有助於高分局的表現，曲球選手上及下準備的運動週期低心跳率與飛碟球的高心跳率有助於提升全倒運動表現及專注力。保齡球選手的全倒運動表現運動週期心跳改變趨勢是呈現心跳上升趨勢，因此，教練及選手可以利用心跳率改變及趨勢改善運動表現及提升比賽注意力。

關鍵字

最大攝氧量 ； 運動強度 ； 心跳減速 ； 運動表現 ； 專注力

並列摘要

Purpose: To analyze the changes and trends in the heart rates of athletes during a high-score round or after performing a strike in official bowling game. Method: A total of 4 bowlers were recruited, namely one male hook specialist, one female hook specialist, one male spinning specialist, and one female spinning specialist. A maximum oxygen uptake test was performed one week before the game. The exercise intensity of each bowler was estimated through linear regression. During the game, a video camera and a heart rate monitor were used to synchronously monitor the entire game. The heart rate data acquired were analyzed using the nonparametric Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test to examine the differences in the competition characteristics, scores, performance, and stages of motion of the bowlers. Results: The overall exercise intensity in the game was 4.0 METs. The exercise intensity was 4.7 METs in a round with a score of ≥220 (hereafter a high-score round) and 3.8 METs in a round with a score of ≤180 (hereafter a low-score round). The heart rate during the high-score round was significantly higher than that during the low-score round (p＜. 05). When the bowlers performed strikes, the hook specialists exhibited lower heart rates and the spinning specialists higher heart rates that were significant difference ≤7 pins performance at all stage of motion (p＜ .05). Regarding variations in the heart rates of the bowlers after a strike was performed in four stages of motions, Bowler B exhibited a higher heart rate during the throw stage (98.2 bpm) than during the preparation stage (97.6 bpm). Bowler C exhibited the highest heart rate during the completion stage (130.9 bpm) than during other three stages (122.4 bpm during the pre-preparation stage; 127.4 bpm during the preparation stage; 130.2 bpm during the throw stage). Bowler D exhibited a higher heart rate during the preparation stage (99.0 bpm) than during the pre-preparation stage (94.5 bpm); additionally, Bowler D exhibited a higher heart rate during the throw stage (105.2 bpm) than during the preparation stage (99.0 bpm; p＜ .05). Conclusion: The results indicated that higher heart rates lead to higher score performance. The low heart rates of the hook specialists and high heart rates of the spinning specialists during the pre-preparation and preparation stages enhanced their strike performance and concentration. The strike performance exhibited a rise in their heart rates on all stage of motion Therefore, bowling coaches and players can improve their sports performance and concentration by examining changes in their heart rates.

並列關鍵字

maximal oxygen uptake ； exercise intensity ； heart rate deceleration ； concentration

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