運動員的自我設限、賦權動機氣候與集體效能和團隊承諾之關係

Relationships among Self-Handicapping, Empowering Motivational Climate, Collective Efficacy and Team Commitment in College Athletes

俞永日(Yung-Jih Yu) ； 黃崇儒(Chung-Ju Huang) ； 鍾佳芸(Chia-Yun Chung)

《文化體育學刊》 33輯 (2021/10) Pp. 49-63

https://doi.org/10.6634/JPSS-CCU.202110_(33).0005

摘要

目的：探討教練賦權動機氣候、自我設限與集體效能和團隊承諾之間的關係，以及教練賦權動機氣候在自我設限與集體效能和團隊承諾之間關係的調節效果。方法：以團隊運動項目的大學運動員為研究對象，進行問卷調查，測量工具包括：自我設限、集體效能、團隊承諾、及賦權動機氣候等量表，共收集358份有效問卷（男性251人、女性107人），平均年齡為19.8歲。結果：賦權動機氣候與自我設限的交互作用並無法有效地預測團隊承諾和集體效能，但是自我設限會正向預測工具性承諾，負向預測情感性承諾與集體效能；賦權動機氣候是正向預測情感性承諾與集體效能，負向預測工具性承諾。結論：結果證實自我設限、賦權動機氣候與集體效能和團隊承諾之間的關聯性，但賦權動機氣候在這些變項的關係上並沒有調節的作用。其可能的原因是教練的工作涉入和自主支持動機氣候並無法緩衝自我設限對團隊變項的負向影響，或許應該考慮改變個體的價值觀和動機，才能有效降低自我設限對團隊運作的影響，最後本研究在實際應用與未來研究方向上提出一些建議。

關鍵字

團隊動力 ； 情感性承諾 ； 工具性承諾 ； 自主支持

並列摘要

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the relationships among coach-created empowering motivational climate, athletes' self-handicapping and collective efficacy and team commitment, and the moderating effect of empowering motivational climate within these relationships. Methods: The participants were 358 college athletes (251 males and 107 females, mean age = 19.8 years) and completed questionnaires including self-handicapping, empowering motivational climate, collective efficacy, and team commitment. Results: The moderation analyses showed that the interaction between empowering motivational climate and self-handicapping could not predict team commitment and collective efficacy. However, self-handicapping positively predicted instrumental commitment, but negatively predicted affective commitment and collective efficacy; and empowering motivational climate positively predicted affective commitment and collective efficacy, but negatively predicted instrumental commitment. Conclusion: The findings support the relationships among self-handicapping, empowering motivational climate, collective efficacy and team commitment. However, coach-initiated empowering motivational climate did not moderate the relationship between self-handicapping and collective efficacy and team commitment. Task-involving and supportive motivational climate created by coaches may not buffer the negative impacts of team members' self-handicapping on team dynamics. It will be important to consider enhance individuals' sport values and motivation to reduce the debilitated effects of self-handicapping on team variables. Finally, this study puts forward relevant suggestions in practical applications and future research directions.

並列關鍵字

Team dynamics ； affective commitment ； instrumental commitment ； autonomy support

參考文獻

Hong, E., & Jeong, Y. (2020). Coach leadership style and Korean professional soccer team performance:Collective efficacy as a mediator. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 48(8), 1-14.

Heuzé, J. P., Sarrazin, P., Masiero, M., Raimbault, N., & Thomas, J. (2006). The relationships of perceived motivational climate to cohesion and collective efficacy in elite female teams. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 18, 201-218.

Jaros, S. J., Jermier, J. M., Koehler, J. W., & Sincich,T. (1993). Effects of continuance, affective, and moral commitment on the withdrawal process: An evaluation of eight structural equation models. Academy of Management Journal, 36, 951-995.

Kuczka, K., & Treasure, D. C. (2002). Self-handicapping in competitive sport: Influence of the motivational climate and perceived ability. Journal of Sport & Exercise Science, 24, s82.

Lawler, M., Heary, C., & Nixon, E. (2020). Irishadolescents’ perspectives on the factors influencing motivation in team sport. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 1-16.