The lower extremity injuries caused by running have always been an issue of common concern for runners and athletes. Previous studies indicated that the foot strike pattern is one of the injury factors that affect running. Although the forefoot strike can reduce the load on the knee joint, it is also easy to cause excessive fatigue of the ankle joint muscles and increase the load on the ankle joint. In addition, whether the shoes are worn or not and the characteristics of the shoes will affect the foot strike patterns, and thus create different risks of injury. Because running is a complex movement involving multi-joint and multi-segment, understanding the relationship between the activities of the lower extremity joints and injuries will help clarify the occurrence of injuries. Hence, this article will summarize the different aspects of sports biomechanics research to explore the mechanism of running injury in order to help the prevention of lower extremity injuries.