高齡者活躍老化影響因素之探討

Research on the Influencing Factors of Active Aging of Aged Population

吳明蒼(Ming-Tsang Wu) ； 蔡正育(Cheng-Yu Tsai)

《運動休閒管理學報》 18卷2期 (2021/12) Pp. 26-43

https://doi.org/10.6214/JSRM.202112_18(2).0002

摘要

目的：在個人老化的過程中，活躍老化可以提升生活品質，活躍老化受到諸多因素之影響，探討其活躍老化之影響因素，有助於促進高齡族群活躍老化之程度。方法：本研究以老化程度嚴重的曾文地區之高齡者為研究對象，並以WHO制定之活躍老化政策架構為基礎，建構活躍老化評估標準，並編製相對權重調查量表，分發予30位受測者填寫，回收資料以Super Decisions進行ANP分析，以瞭解活躍老化影響因素之相對權重。結果：1.在活躍老化目標下，主要準則因素以健康的相對權重值最高；2.在以各主要準則因素為考量下，次準則因素相對權重值分別以身體健康、社會互動、居住生活安全為最高；3.以次要準則因素為考量下，評估準則因素相對權重值分別以負擔醫療費用、自覺健康狀況佳、家人互相照顧、感興趣活動、收入穩定、身體活動、身體活動充足、有居住處所為最高；4.在評估準則因素對整體影響之分析，身體健康下之各評估準則因素以及有居住處所最受重視；5.結果亦顯示感到生活愉快、感興趣活動、收入穩定，對其所屬構面中的多個評估準則因素，為優先考量的因素。結論：活躍老化為各國老人健康政策的重心，提供高齡者促進活躍老化的新資訊，有助於提升該地區生活品質，並且充實非都會地區高齡者活躍老化的研究成果。

關鍵字

活躍老化 ； 高齡者生活 ； 健康老化

並列摘要

Purpose: In the process of personal aging, active aging can improve the quality of life. Active aging is affected by many factors. Exploring these factors helps promote the degree of active aging of aged population. Method: This study focuses on aged population in the Tseng-Wen area with severe aging as the research object. Based on the active aging policy framework established by the WHO, this research identified evaluation factors for active aging and constructed survey instrument. The survey instrument was distributed to 30 subjects to fill out, and the collected data were analyzed by Super Decisions for analytic network process (ANP). Results: 1. Under the active aging, health is with the highest relative weight among the main criteria factors. 2. Under the consideration of every main criteria factors, the relative weights of the sub-criteria factors are the highest respectively in physical health, social interaction, and living safety. 3. Under the consideration of every sub-criteria factors, the relative weights of the assessment criteria factors are the highest respectively in medical expenses burden, conscious of good health status, mutual care of family members, interest in activities, stable income, adequate physical activities, as well as stable and suitable dwelling place. 4. In the analysis of the overall impact of the assessment criteria factors, all assessment criteria factors under physical health, as well as stable and suitable dwelling place are the most valued. 5. It was also found that sense of happy life, interested in activities, and stable income are the priority factors to consider respectively toward the other assessment criteria factors in the dimension to which they belong. Conclusion: Active aging is the focus of health policies for aged population in various countries. It provides new information for aged population to promote active aging, which will help improve the quality of life in the region and enrich the research results of active aging of aged population in non-urban areas.

並列關鍵字

Active Aging ； Elderly Life ； Healthy Aging

參考文獻

林正祥、劉士嘉 （2013）。台灣老人成功與活躍老化之健康餘命探討。台灣公共衛生雜誌，32（6），562-575。

陳正芬（2017）成功老化或活躍老化？輸送基礎以及未來轉型之探討對「社區據點服務品質與成功老化提升程度關連性之初探：政府角色認知 的調節效果」的對話與回應。公共行政學報，(53)，121-129。

Carstensen, L. (1995). Evidence for a life-span theory of socioemotional selectivity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4(5), 151-156.

Clausen, J. A. (1991). Adolescent competence and the shaping of the life course. American Journal of Sociology, 96(4), 805-842.

Havighurst, R. J. (1961). Successful aging. The Gerontologist, 1(1), 8-13.