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以PSI相關指標評析花蓮縣之空氣品質
Application of PSI Related Indicators to Evaluate Air Quality in Hualien, Taiwan
摘要
空氣污染物標準指數（PSI）係將空氣中二氧化硫（SO2）、二氧化氮（NO2）、臭氧（O3）一氧化碳（CO）及懸浮微粒（PM10）等五項空氣污染物之測值予以計算，所得到的空氣品質指標值，其範圍在0～500之間。其中PSI值超出100，則對健康有不良影響，低於50，則係指對健康良好。行政院環保署選擇「PSI＞100日數累計百分比」為指標，評估臺灣地區之空氣品質狀況，並依此指標，設定改善目標。此項指標可適用於臺灣的大部分地區，然對位於東臺灣，空氣品質良好的花蓮縣並不合適。本研究係選擇「PSI值」及「PSI＜50日數累計百分比」為指標，進行花蓮縣空氣品質變化之評估。依據1995年1月至2004年12月之監測資料，花蓮縣之PSI值季平均值在25～49之間，平均為36.6，整體而言，這期間空氣品質變化有趨於良好之情形。依據這40季監測數據，所繪製的品管圖，其警告上限值為48.9，而管制上限值則為55.0，近三年（2002-2004年共12季）之PSI值標示於圖上，雖皆在管制界限制之內，然而，其值有劣化趨勢，且2004年第一、第二及第四季分別為、44.0、43.0及43.3，已接近警告上限。此外，本縣1999年至2003年，PSI＜50日數累計百分比在85.48～91.53％之間，平均為89.87％，但2004年則劣化為77.69％。上述兩項指標均顯示，花蓮縣的空氣品質近三年有惡化情形，尤以2004年較為嚴重。
並列摘要
The pollutant standards index (PSI) is calculated based on the highest relative concentrations of five air pollutants: SO2 NO2, O3, CO and PM10 (particulates with diameter smaller than 10 μm). It ranges in value from 0 to 500. An index above 100 is considered to be unhealthy and a value below 50 is good for health. In Taiwan, the ROC/EPA (Environmental Protection Administration, Republic of China) adopt the percentage of days with PSI larger than 100 (PSI＞100) as an indicator to evaluate the air quality. Furthermore, the ROC/EPA has set up a task of improving the air quality by this indicator. The PSI＞100 provides a good rule as determining whether a region is polluted or not, however, it is not a sensitive indicator to evaluate trends and changes in the air quality on Hualien, eastern Taiwan.In this paper, PSI value and the percentage of days with PSI lower than 50 (PSI ＜50) are applied to detect the variation of air quality on Hualien. According to the monitoring data from Jan. 1995 to Dec. 2004, the season average of PSI values on Hualien lies between 25 and 49 with the mean 36.6. Overall, during this period, the air quality on Hualien becomes better by the time. Based on these data, the control chart for the 40 seasons of PSI values on Hualien is drawn. It shows that the warning limit and control limit are 48.9 and 55.0 respectively. The data from Jan. 2002 to Dec. 2004 on control chart indicate that they all fall within the control limits. However, the tendency of the air quality on Hualien becomes worse during 2002-2004. Moreover, the PSI values in 2004 are 44.0, 43.0 and 43.3 for 1st, 2nd and 4[90bb] season, respectively. These data are close to the warning limit. Additionally, the annual average of PSI＜50 on Hualien during 1999-2003 range in value from 85.49 to 91.53% with the mean 89.87%, but it is inferior to 77.69% at 2004. As a result, PSI＜50 and indicators identically show that the air quality on Hualien during 2002-2004 becomes worse, especially at 2004.