Taiwanese Loanwords in Taiwan Mandarin: Mechanism of a Dialect Borrowing in Taiwan

國語中的台語借詞：台灣的方言借入機制

謝菁玉(Hsieh Shelley Ching-Yu) ； 葉瑞娟(Jui-Chuan Yeh)

《國際文化研究》 5卷1期 (2009/06) Pp. 99-133

https://doi.org/10.29960/SIC.200906.0003

摘要

自從華語成為台灣的國語之後，數十年來，無數的台灣人只說台灣國語而不會說自己的母語－台語了。不過，近幾十年來因著社會變遷，台語的地位逐漸抬頭，甚至動搖了國語原本獨具優勢的地位，台語借詞紛紛借入台灣國語。本文從報紙資料庫中搜尋台語借詞，以Hock(1991)方言借字的理論為基礎，進而檢視Weinreich(1974)所提出的詞彙借用的六個因素，來看看台灣國語中的這些台語借詞和西方語言的詞彙借用有何不同。我們以統計數據切入，依序探討「走透透」等詞借入的語言動力和社會心理動機。這些台語借詞除了有些能填補國語中的詞彙空缺之外，更能豐富國語的表達力，也就是說，它們能作為製造親和力、增加鄉土氣息、加強語氣或緩和語氣等的溝通工具。台灣社會進展快速，過去屬於下層語言的台語今日已成為台灣國語的一大生力軍。

關鍵字

台語借詞 ； 台灣國語 ； 語言互動 ； 方言借字 ； 表達力

並列摘要

Mandarin has been affected other languages in Taiwan so immensely that many Taiwanese people are not able to speak their mother tongues. However, in the last decade, Taiwanese has re-emerged and challenged the prestigious status of Mandarin. Many borrowings from Taiwanese has been observed in Taiwan Mandarin. This study uses newspaper corpus as the data source, examines the sociolinguistic functions of the Taiwanese loan words in Taiwan Mandarin based on Hock's (1991) approach of dialect borrowing. Hock stresses the prestige relation between donor and recipient language. Our statistical survey in newspaper corpora indicates that the frequency of loan words such as 走透透 zou-tou-tou 'visit everywhere' is dramatically risen after 1990. Furthermore, we argue with Weinreich's (1974) reasons for lexical borrowing. It is found that some of the Taiwanese loan words are borrowed for filling in lexical gaps in Mandarin, most of loan words are adopted in Mandarin conversation because the speakers consider them being more expressive in showing their attitude and feeling, such as humorous effect, the denotation of solidarity, easing the tone or reinforcing the tone. The Taiwanese society is developing and changing with giant strides. The once substratum influence is now a fashion. The use of Taiwanese loan words is under the joint constraints of social, political and psychological factors.

並列關鍵字

Taiwanese loanwords ； Taiwan Mandarin ； language interaction ； dialect borrowing ； expressiveness

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