通識中的儒家與現代公民教育

教育部通識教育中綱計畫，欲培養的現代公民核心能力，首重倫理素養，此素養長久以來依靠儒家的道德教育來培養，因為儒家的道德教育在華人社會，一直享有崇高的地位，但其合適性，鮮少被質疑或批判。儒家文化在歷史發展的脈絡下，充滿政治性格，雖說道德與公民的養成，本身就具政治上的意義，但儒家道德教育的政治性格，卻成了威權專制的保護傘，其所培育的君子素養，發展成為貴族文化，保障了統治階級的專制政權，不利於公民核心能力的普及化。現代社會的公民教育，應以理性批判與獨立思考為宗旨，運用思辨，讓每個人有能力行使公民權，參與公共事務，同時也因參與其中，反省個人權利與責任，並成就德性，完成生命價值。本文以《論語》為綱，反省儒家教育的一些問題，希望藉此反省，讓儒家能以更真實的面貌融入通識的公民教育，讓儒家與現代教育的精神接軌。

關鍵字

儒家；公民教育；道德素養；通識教育

並列摘要

In order to promote students' the Core Competence of Modern Citizenship, Ministry of Education proposes plans to refine the outline of General Education. The most important one is Ethics cultivation. Confucian school is applied as a means to cultivate this competence. Whether it is appropriate or not remains a controversy. There are, however, only few sophists question this. The deeply rooted Confucian school from the old political regime contributes to this phenomenon. The political phenomenon was a protective umbrella used by the Feudal regime. The ethics of the Confucian school developed into an Aristocrat culture, and protected and consolidated the Feudal regime of the governing class. As a result, the application of Confucian school in the present may hinder the popularization of the Core Competence of Modern Citizenship. The civil virtues of modern society should be constructed on rational critique, independent thinking, and urging everyone to participate in public affairs as a modern citizen should do. Through the system of a society, one can reflect his or her right and responsibility and so as to achieve the virtues and find the value of one's life. Based on the Analects of Confucius, this thesis discusses and reflects some questions of Confucian school. Hoping this reflection can make the Confucian school blend into Civil Education with more authenticity and allow the Confucian school to connect with modern spirit of education.