Civil Society and Regime Type in European Post-Communist Countries: The Perspective Two Decades after 1989-1991

Michael Bernhard ； Ruchan Kaya

《Taiwan Journal of Democracy》 8卷2期 (2012/12) Pp. 113-126

https://doi.org/10.29654/TJD.201212.0011

並列摘要

This essay addresses two controversies on the relationship between civil society and democratization in post-communist countries. It contradicts a tendency to dismiss civil society as a myth, ideology, or framing device for social movements and instead demonstrates that civil society is a real material force that has played a critical role in democratic breakthroughs in the region. It also criticizes the tendency to characterize post-communist civil society as either strong or weak in a blanket fashion. Instead, it shows that looking at differences in the strength of civil society at moments of transition is a good indicator of how durable that transition will be. This is illustrated with empirical work on both the breakthrough years of 1989-1991 and the period of the color revolutions in the 2000s.

並列關鍵字

Democratization ； civil society ； post-communism ； electoral authoritarianism ； mobilization

參考文獻

O''Donnell, Guillermo,Schmitter, Philippe C.(1986).Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies.Transitions from Authoritarian Rule.(Transitions from Authoritarian Rule).:

Bernhard, Michael(1993).Civil Society and Democratic Transition in East Central Europe.Political Science Quarterly.108(2),307-326.

Ekiert, Grzegorz(1991).Democratization Processes in East Central Europe: A Theoretical Reconsideration.British Journal of Political Science.21(3),285-313.

Weigle, Marcia A.,Butterfield, Jim(1992).Civil Society in Reforming Communist Regimes: The Logic of Emergence.Comparative Politics.25(1),1-24.

Kotkin, Stephen(2010).Uncivil Society: 1989 and the Implosion of the Communist Establishment.New York:A Modern Library Chronicles Book.