Does a Country's Politics Reflect the Design of Its Culture?: The Case of Indonesia

文化對政治制度演化的影響－印尼個案

李美賢(Mei-Hsien Lee)

《台灣國際研究季刊》 3卷1期 (2007/03) Pp. 99-122

摘要

一般認爲一個國家的政治結構所反映的正是這個國家的政治文化特質。但是，過去研究對於這樣的命題，缺少必要的檢視。本研究透過印尼的政黨體制發展作爲個案，檢視該命題。自國家獨立以來，印尼的政黨體系發展經歷了多黨競爭體系、一黨制體系、再重回多黨競爭體系。透過歷史比較研究，本研究探討印尼在不同政治發展時期，印尼政黨體系變遷背後的論述爲何，以及論述與官方定義的印尼政治文化間的動態關係。本研究發現，不同時期的不同體系並未真實反映政治文化，相反的，論述背後呈現的是文化經常被重新定義，透過定義的操弄，達至執政者統治控制的企圖。

關鍵字

印尼 ； 政治文化 ； 政治制度 ； 政黨體系

並列摘要

It is commonly believed that a country's politics shall reflect the design of its culture. However, sufficient support for this statement has not been found. This study employs the development of political party system of Indonesia to examine how true the statement is. Since the independence, Indonesia's party system has transformed from the multiparty system to the one-party system and then again back to the multiparty system. By conducting a historical-comparative study, it is found that in Indonesia, the transformation of the form of the party system has nothing to do with her political culture. In fact, political culture was more like a convenient mean manipulated by the rulers to secure their political position or to realize their political ambition.

並列關鍵字

Indonesia ； political culture ； political institution ； party system

參考文獻

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Anderson, Benedict R.(1965).Indonesia: United Against Progress.Current History.February,78-80.

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Benda, Harry.(1964).Democracy in Indonesia.Journal of Asian Studies.23,449-456.