美國為何承認科索沃獨立

2008年2月，原爲塞爾維亞共和國自治省的科索沃正式宣布獨立建國，但獨立後的科索沃僅獲得部分國家之承認，特別是國際社會主要大國之間對是否承認科索沃態度分歧。本文的目的是從美國過去承認新獨立國家的作爲來分析其承認科索沃獨立的原因。論文將以Samuel Barkin與Bruce Cronin針對主權所提出的理論爲基礎：該理論將主權分爲「國家」與「民族」兩種面向，如國際社會在某一時期傾向接受國家主權，就有可能支持既有國家維護其主權的作爲，並默許統治者壓制國內的民族獨立情緒；如果當時國際社會普遍對民族獨立運動表示同情，就可能支持某國境內民族自決的權利，甚至不惜以犧牲原有國家的主權爲代價。由科索沃的例子來看，科索沃人民追求獨立的強烈決心以及國際社會對主權態度的改變是美國最後決定予以外交承認的關鍵因素。

關鍵字

科索沃獨立；美國外交政策；國家主權；民族主權；新興獨立國家

並列摘要

In February 2008, the people of Kosovo, formally an autonomous province of Serbia, declared independence. Kosovo independence, however, was not fully recognized by the international society, and reactions from great powers were mixed. This paper attempts to analyze US policy toward Kosovo by looking at its recognition of newly independent states in the past. A theory developed by Samuel Barkin and Bruce Cronin, which divides the concept of sovereignty into state and national dimensions, is introduced and analyzed. Their research finds that when the norms of the international society legitimize state rather than national sovereignty, the international community will tend to defend the rights of existed states against national claims; when international norms favor national over state sovereignty, the international community will be more sympathetic to pleas for national self-determination. The Kosovo case shows that the will of the people and changes of norms on sovereignty in the international community are keys to US decision to recognition.

並列關鍵字

Kosovo independence ； US foreign policy ； state sovereignty ； national sovereignty ； newly independent state

參考文獻

Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Liu Jianchao's Remarks on Kosovo's Unilateral Declaration of Independence

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承認獨立地位，布希軍售科索沃

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US Embassy in Belgrade Attacked

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New York Times(1994/02/09)

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Barkin, J. Samuel,Bruce Cronin.(1994).The State and the Nation: Changing Norms and the Rules of Sovereignty in International Relations.International Organization.48(1),107-130.