語言平等與少數語言權利－芬蘭瑞典語的語言地位規劃

Language Equality and Minority Language Rights: The Example of Finland's Swedish Language Status Planning

張學謙(Hak-Khiam Tiu)

《台灣國際研究季刊》 5卷4期 (2009/12) Pp. 91-121

摘要

芬蘭擁有悠久的官方雙語主義的傳統。芬蘭瑞典語雖然僅占芬蘭人口的5.5%，卻和芬蘭語一樣同爲『芬蘭憲法』規定的國家語言。芬蘭瑞典語是全世界最受禮遇的少數民族語言。本文探討芬蘭的官方語言地位規劃如何追求語言平等並提供少數族群語言權利的保障，進而促進少數語言的延續力。首先，從語言解放的觀點勾勒出芬蘭語言運動的四個階段以及芬蘭瑞典語族群透過組織爭取文化自主權的奮鬥過程；接著介紹芬蘭的相關語言法規、芬蘭語言權利的實踐方式以及制度性支持對芬蘭瑞典語保存的貢獻，最後探討芬蘭瑞典語地位規劃對台灣語言規劃啟示。

關鍵字

芬蘭 ； 語言平等 ； 語言權利 ； 語言地位規劃 ； 瑞典語

並列摘要

Finland has a long history of official bilingualism. The Constitution of Finland declares that both Finnish and Swedish are national languages of Finland. Swedish is a minority language registered as mother tongue by only 5.5% of the population. However, Swedish is praised as the most privileged minority language in the world. This article explores how Finland's status planning helps to achieve language equality and provide language rights for the minority language to enhance the vitality of minority languages. The article begins by a description of language emancipation in Finland, emphasizing Swedish Finns' struggle for cultural autonomy through voluntary organizations. Then, Finland's language related laws and regulations are introduced and the ways language rights are implemented are also discussed. After that, the contributions of institutional support to the maintenance of Swedish are discussed from ethnolinguistic vitality theory. Finally, implications of Finland's minority language status planning in relation to that of Taiwan's are discussed.

並列關鍵字

Finland ； language equality ； language rights ； language status planning ； Swedish

參考文獻

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