中國自1978年施行改革開放政策以來,已獲取舉世矚目的經濟成就。大多數學者認為,中國已走出屬於自己的經濟發展模式。不同於西方所奉行的民主與自由市場經濟體制,中國採取所謂的具有中國特色的社會主義市場經濟路線,強調國家所有權與市場經濟的優越性。而著實,在過去二十幾年的歲月裡,中國成功地通過了一連串的考驗,包括1997年亞洲金融風暴、入世、2008全球性經濟危機。2006年,中國取代日本,成為世界第一大外匯存底持有國。2010年,中國取代日本,成為世界第二大經濟體。中國的經濟成就極為亮麗。這篇論文將指出,在過去三十幾年的發展歷程中,許多促成中國經濟快速成長的因素,實可納入涵蓋行動、結構與歷史過程這三層次的歷史結構途徑來分析。此外,中國這高度被納入世界分工的經濟發展,一直脫離不了以黨領政的政策作為,因此,放諸國際脈絡的政治經濟學角度乃成為探索此段歷程所不可或缺者。最後,論文也將指出一些隱藏在中國經濟發展背後的負面後果以及未來棘手的挑戰。
Ever since the implementation of reform and opening-up policy after 1978, China has achieved the most remarkable economic development in the world. Most of scholars believe that China has come out of its own developmental model. In contrast to the western-advocated economic type based upon democracy and free market economy, China takes a different approach to the economic development based upon the so-called ”a socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics,” stressing the superiority of public ownership and the superiority of market economy. This paper argues that, over the past three decades, many factors that contributed to the rapid economic development can be analyzed from a historico-structural approach, covering three levels: action, structure, and historical process. Besides, China's economic development, well-integrated into the global economy, is strongly managed by the party-dominated government; thus, the politico-economic perspective in the global contexts is crucial to the historical inquiry. Finally, this paper will also point out some hidden negative consequences and coming thorny challenges behind the economic miracle.