墨西哥安全環境與國防武力

Mexican Security Environments and Defense Forces

吳東林(Tony Wu)

《台灣國際研究季刊》 14卷2期 (2018/06) Pp. 103-133

摘要

墨西哥屬於北美洲國家，東、西方面臨海洋，南、北方分別緊鄰瓜地馬拉、貝里斯以及美國，歷史上主要的軍事威脅係來自海上和北方緊鄰的美國。第二次世界大戰結束後，墨西哥因地緣戰略位置之便，長期在美國的安全保護傘之下無明顯的外來安全威脅。相對地，墨西哥販毒集團對國家各層面造成的問題，成為影響國家生存與發展的內部安全威脅。2007年3月墨西哥求助於美國共同打擊販毒集團，『美利達計畫』順利成形。此計畫內容包含4項支柱，前3項著重協助墨西哥政府採購裝備以打擊犯罪組織，以及建立完備的警政措施、司法和邊境管理制度，第4項支柱則希望從根本協助墨西哥地方和社羣建立人民預防犯罪的機制。

關鍵字

公共安全 ； 內部安全 ； 國防 ； 『美利達計畫』

並列摘要

Mexico belongs to the North American countries, east and west facing the sea, south and north respectively close to Guatemala, Belize and the United States, the history of the major military threat from the sea and the north adjacent to the United States. After WWII, Mexico, for its geostrategic position, had no apparent external security threat under the U.S. security umbrella for a long time. In contrast, the problems posed by the Mexican drug cartels to all levels of the country have become internal security threats affecting the survival and development of the country. Since March 2007, Mexico asked cooperation with the United States to fight drug cartels, and the Mérida Initiative has been successfully shaped. Mérida Initiative content contains 4 pillars, and the previous 3 pillars focuses on assisting the Mexican government in procuring equipment to combat criminal organizations, as well as establishing comprehensive policing measures, judicial and border control systems. The 4^(th) pillar wishes to contribute to the establishment of a crime prevention mechanism at the root of the Mexican local and communities.

並列關鍵字

public safety ； internal security ； national defense ； Mérida Initiative

參考文獻

Kan, Paul Rexton, and Phil Williams. 2010. “Afterword: Criminal Violence in Mexico-A Dissenting Analysis.” Small Wars and Insurgencies, Vol. 21, No.1, pp. 218-31.(http:// www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09592311003589732) (2017/8/30)

American Memory. 2008. “United Mexican States.” (http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Mexico.pdf) (2017/9/11)

Beaubien, Jason. 2010. “Mayors Are New Targets in Mexico’s Deadly Drug War.” (http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=130491241) (2017/8/31)

Borja, Christian Leon. 2013. México’s National Security Challenges and the Military Endeavor. Carlisle, Pa.: United States Army War College (www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA589346) (2017/8/25)

Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs. 2017. “U.S. Relations with Mexico.” (https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35749.htm) (2017/10/8)